In the aim of providing technical support for the “power delegation, fair supervision and efficient service” reform of production and construction projects in China, a systematic review is made on the past two decades of report compilation, examination and approval, and acceptance of water and soil conservation programs, as well as the enactment of related laws and regulations, standards and specifications. Problems, characteristics and development trend in different stages are also analyzed. Relevant data from river basin institutions, water administrative department of the government, and compilation agencies for water and soil conservation program are collected by searching periodical database and the official website of the Water and Soil Conservation Monitoring Center of the Ministry of Water Resources. Due to related policies, the water and soil conservation program for production and construction projects has experienced early stage, stable development stage and the ongoing stage of “power delegation, fair supervision and efficient service”. Despite that the editing techniques of water and soil conservation program had been basically perfected, the acceptance process is still complicated due to the misalign between plan compilation and acceptance. Over the past two decades since the implementation of the water and soil conservation program for production and construction projects, water and soil conservation programs have been compiled and implemented for more than 300,000 projects nationwide, preventing and controlling an area of water and soil loss over 150,000 km², reducing water and soil loss effectively. The “power delegation, fair supervision and efficient service” reform to the water and soil conservation work could improve work efficiency, and in the meantime enhance the responsibility awareness of construction organizations.