收稿日期: 2014-09-30
网络出版日期: 2015-03-06
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41461080);水利部公益性行业专项(201201048,201301059);江西省土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室开放基金项目(JXSB201303)
Contributions of Precipitation and Human Activities to the Runoff and Sediment Variation in Longhe River Watershed of Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Received date: 2014-09-30
Online published: 2015-03-06
以三峡库区中心区域的龙河流域为研究对象,利用1963—2010年流域水沙资料,采用Pettitt突变点检验、累积距平法及双累积曲线法分析了该流域输沙量和降雨量的变化趋势,判别出降雨量在1982年、输沙量在1982年和1990年发生了突变。并采用累积量斜率变化率比较法分析了1963—1981年,1982—1990年,1991—2010年3个时段降雨量和人类活动在龙河流域输沙量变化中的相对贡献率。研究表明:以1963—1981年为基准期,1982—1990年间降雨量和人类活动贡献率分别为29.49%和60.51%,1991—2010年间分别为3.38%和96.62%;以1982—1990年为基准期时,1991—2010年人类活动对输沙减小的贡献率为100%。该研究揭示了1963—2010年输沙量的变化趋势及降雨和人类活动对其贡献率,研究不仅对该区水土流失治理、水土保持效益评价具有重要意义,同时为研究三峡水库区间水沙锐减的原因提供一定的理论支持。
刘惠英,程冬兵 . 三峡库区龙河流域降雨和人类活动对水沙关系变化贡献率分析[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2015 , 32(3) : 20 -26 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5485.2015.03.005
The variation trend of sediment and precipitation in Longhe River Watershed which is the centre of the Three Gorges Reservoir area was analyzed according to the measured data in 1963-2010. Pettitt test, accumulative anomaly analysis and double mass curve analysis were employed for the research. The year 1982 was found to be the inflection point of precipitation, and 1982 and 1990 the inflection points of sediment load. The contributions of precipitation and human activity to sediment change during three periods (1963-1981, 1982-1990, 1991-2010) were compared and analyzed. Results reveal that with 1963-1981 as baseline period, precipitation and human activity contribute 29.49% and 60.51% respectively to the sediment change in 1982-1990, and 3.38% and 96.62% respectively in 1991-2010; whereas when 1982-1990 is taken as the baseline period, human activity alone contributes 100% to the sediment decrease in 1991-2010. This research reveals the trend of sediment load change in Longhe River watershed during 1963-2010, and also the contributions of precipitation and human activity. It is of great importance to the soil and water conservation and assessment, and also provides theoretical support to the sharp decline of runoff and sediment discharge in Three Gorges Reservoir Area.
李凤清,叶 麟,刘瑞秋,等.香溪河流域水体环境因子研究.生态科学,2007,26(3):199-207.(LI Feng-qing, YE Lin, LIU Rui-qiu, et al. Investigation on Aquatic Environmental Factors in Xiangxi River Watershed. Ecological Science,2007,26(3):199-207. (in Chinese))
蔡庆华,孙志禹.三峡水库水环境与水生态研究的进展与展望. 湖泊科学, 2012,24(2) : 169-177. (CAI Qing-hua, SUN Zhi-yu. Water Environment and Aquatic Ecosystem of Three Gorges Reservoir, China: Progress and Prospects. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2012,24(2) : 169-177. (in Chinese) )
史德明,杨艳生. 三峡库周地区土壤侵蚀对库区泥沙来源的影响极其对策∥长江三峡工程对生态与环境的的影响极其对策研究论文集.北京:科学出版社,1987:498-521. (SHI De-ming, YANG Yan-sheng. The Countermeasure and Influence on Sediment Sources of Soil Erosion in Three Gorges Reservoir Area∥Research Papers of Influence and Countermeasure of the Three Gorges Project on Ecology and Environment. Beijing: Science Press,1987:498-521. (in Chinese))
向 力.龙河流域生态需水量研究. 重庆:重庆大学,2006.(XIANG Li. Study on Ecological Water Requirement of Longhe River Watershed. Chongqing: Chongqing University,2006.(in Chinese))
王 成.龙河流域土地利用/覆被变化与土壤侵蚀效应评价. 重庆:西南大学,2013.(WANG Cheng. Land Use/Cover Change and Soil Erosion Effect Assessment in Longhe Watershed. Chongqing: Southwest University,2013.(in Chinese))
张国平.基于生态系统服务功能的龙河流域生态系统健康研究. 重庆:重庆大学,2006. (ZHANG Guo-ping. Study on Health Assessment of Longhe River Watershed Ecosystem Based on Ecosystem Service. Chongqing: Chongqing University,2006.(in Chinese))
王 辉.龙河流域生态安全评价研究. 重庆:重庆大学,2007.(WANG Hui. Study on Ecological Security Evaluation for Longhe River Watershed. Chongqing: Chongqing University,2007.(in Chinese))
PETTITT A N. A Non-parametric Approach to the Change Point Problem. Applied Statistics, 1979,28(2):126-135.
ZIN W Z W, JAMALUDIN S, MOHD DENI S, et al. Recent Changes in Extreme Rainfall Events in Peninsular Malaysia:1971-2005. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2010, 99(3/4): 303-314.
王随继,闫云霞,颜 明,等.皇甫川流域降水和人类活动对径流量变化的贡献率分析——累积量斜率变化率比较方法的提出及应用.地理学报,2012,67(3):388-397.(WANG Sui-ji, YAN Yun-xia, YAN Ming, et al. Contributions of Precipitation and Human Activities to the Runoff Change of the Huangfuchuan Drainage Basin: Application of Comparative Method of the Slope Changing Ratio of Cumulative Quantity. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012,67(3):388-397.(in Chinese))
MCRRIAM C F. A Comprehensive Study of Rainfall on the Susquehanna Valley. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 1937, 18(2): 471-476.
SEARCY J K, HARDISON C H. Double-mass Curves USGS Water Supply Paper 1541-B. U.S.: U.S. Geological Survey, 1960.
穆兴民,张秀勤,高 鹏,等.双累积曲线方法理论及在水文气象领域应用中应注意的问题.水文,2010,30(4):47-51. (MU Xing-min, ZHANG Xiu-qin, GAO Peng, et al. Theory of Double Mass Curves and Its Applications in Hydrology and Meteorology. Journal of China Hydrology, 2010,30(4):47-51.(in Chinese))
魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术.北京: 气象出版社,2007. (WEI Feng-ying. Modern Climatic Statistical Diagnosis and Prediction Technology. Beijing: Meteorological Press, 2007. (in Chinese) )
林德生,吴昌广,周志翔,等.三峡库区近50年来的气温变化趋势.长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(9):1037-1043. (LIN De-sheng, WU Chang-guang, ZHOU Zhi-xiang, et al. Trends of Air Temperature Variations in Three Gorges Reservoir Area from 1960 to 2006. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2010,19(9):1037-1043. (in Chinese))
GAO Peng, MU Xing-min, WANG Fei. An Analysis of Streamflow and Sediment Discharge in Ganjiang River Trend and Driving Force. China Rural Water and Hydropower, 2012,(1):56-59, 63.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |