以室内概化模型试验为技术手段, 首次尝试采用不同粒径的新型复合塑料沙(细颗粒层通过加入适当比例的黏合剂)模拟了天然二元结构河岸崩塌过程。试验研究表明二元结构河岸崩塌过程大体可分为5个崩塌阶段坡脚冲刷变陡阶段→滩面裂缝形成发育阶段→坡面渐进侵蚀阶段→河岸崩塌阶段→河岸冲刷趋于稳定阶段;在崩塌发生的过程中首先是下层泥沙受冲变陡, 其次是上层河岸泥沙在多种因素影响下发生着不同的崩塌形式;在同级流量条件下, 水位下降过程中河岸稳定性较水位上涨过程中明显减小。该成果可为研究江河崩岸治理措施和防洪减灾提供理论依据。
Abstract
The process of natural and binary riverbank collapse is simulated with compound plastic sand of different particle sizes (adding adhesive of appropriate proportion to the upper layer) through indoor generalized model tests. Test results reveal that the collapse process can be divided into five phases in general: the slope toe is scoured and steepened, and then cracks develop on the shoal surface, in subsequence, slope surface is progressively eroded, followed by riverbank collapse, and equilibrium of riverbank erosion and deposition. During the collapse, sands in the lower layers were scoured and the bank was steepened, then the upper sands collapsed in different types under various conditions. In the presence of equal water discharge, the bank stability during water level drawdown obviously decreased than that during water level raise. This research finding provides theoretical support for the harnessing of embankment collapse, flood protection and disaster reduction.
关键词
二元结构河岸 /
概化模型试验 /
崩塌 /
复合塑料砂
Key words
binary riverbank /
generalized model test /
collapse /
compound plastic sand
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参考文献
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基金
国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2012BAB04B03);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费资助(CKSF2010002);水利部公益性行业科研专项(200901004)
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