随着人类活动加剧和极端气候事件频发，长江河口面临来沙量锐减、汛期异常干旱以及极端洪潮灾害频发等一系列问题，导致河口洲滩地貌发生显著调整。本文基于1958—2022年长江口水文、泥沙及地形实测资料，系统研究了长江口北支进口段与南支河道演变特征及规律，重点分析了北支进口段与南支近期河道演变的驱动因素及差异化特征，提出了针对长江口北支与南支河道演变特点的治理对策。研究结果表明，北支进口段近期受圈围等工程和自然淤积等因素影响，淤积趋势明显；南支河段受上游来沙量锐减、径流动力增强及整治工程实施等综合影响，河槽呈冲刷态势，但整体河势基本保持稳定。本文为长江口河道的综合治理提供科学依据和技术支撑。

With the intensification of human activities and the frequent occurrence of extreme climate events, the Yangtze Estuary has faced a series of challenges, including a sharp reduction in sediment supply, abnormal drought during flood seasons, and frequent extreme flood and tidal disasters. These issues have led to significant adjustments in the estuarine geomorphology. Based on hydrological, sediment, and topographic data from 1958 to 2022, this study investigates the evolution characteristics and patterns of the North and South Branches of the Yangtze Estuary. The driving factors and recent differential evolution characteristics of the North Branch and the South Branch are analyzed. Management strategies tailored to the evolution characteristics of the North and South Branches are proposed. The research results indicate the North Branch entrance section has exhibited a pronounced sedimentation trend recently due to factors such as reclamation projects and natural siltation. In contrast, the South Branch reach demonstrates a channel-scouring tendency under the combined effects of sharp reductions in upstream sediment supply, enhanced runoff dynamics, and the implementation of regulation projects, while maintaining generally stable overall channel regime. This study provides scientific and technical support for the comprehensive management of the Yangtze Estuary.