为体现HEC-RAS模型中感潮河段上桥梁壅水变化,建立了一维非恒定流数学模型,计算了2002年3月长江苏通大桥的壅水情况。并进一步介绍和比较了铁路工程水文勘测设计规范公式以及HEC-RAS内设的能量法、动量法、Yarnell法计算公式,对公式计算结果与HEC-RAS相关经验系数等设置进行了探讨。最后将各公式应用于3月份的苏通大桥壅水计算,结果发现:HEC-RAS的能量法和Yarnell法较符合规范法,适用于计算感潮河段的非溢流桥梁壅水;而动量法则与实际数值偏差较大,不适合该地区应用。同时比较了HEC-RAS的3种方法对扩缩系数、经验系数以及无效区域的敏感性,结果表明:扩缩系数对能量法影响最大,Yarnell法依赖于经验系数,动量法与无效区域有关,但其具体设置需要更详细的资料进行研究。研究成果可为非恒定流桥梁壅水数值模拟方法提供一些参考。
An unsteady flow simulation of tidal reach based on HEC-RAS is established to calculate the backwater of Jiangsu-Nantong Bridge. Furthermore, the standard equation from Survey and Design on Hydrology of Railway Engineering, the energy equation, momentum balance method and Yarnell equation of HEC-RAS software are compared and respectively applied to the calculation. The calculated results of energy equation and Yarnell equation agree well with the standard equation, while the momentum balance method has a big deviation. Moreover, the sensitivities of HEC-RAS methods are analysed. The energy method is affected significantly by the bridge cross-section and expansion (contraction) coefficient, while Yarnell equation is dependent on the experience factor, and momentum method is related with the ineffective area which need more details for research. The results could be taken as reference for the unsteady flow simulation of bridge backwater.
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