支流水华问题已成为三峡水库生态环境目前较为主要的环境问题。通过收集、整理当前三峡水库水华研究成果，系统分析、总结了支流水华暴发机理及主要影响因子，提出了相应对策及措施。结果表明：支流分层异重的产生是三峡大坝建设对水文的最大改变，以此动力背景为基础的支流营养盐补给模式及水体特殊分层是支流水华暴发的重要影响因素。针对这一特点，只有持续开展三峡及上游流域污染综合治理工作，才能从根本上降低三峡水库营养盐、控制水华；而且，通过水库调度改变支流异重流特性来控制支流水华具有可行性。建议深入开展相关研究及示范。

Algal bloom in the tributaries has become a severe water quality problem in the Three Gorges Reservoir. It is significant of identifying the mechanism of algal bloom to protect the eco-environment. In this study, the author summarized the research progress, analyzed the mechanism of algal bloom and factors affecting the bloom, and gave some control methods. The results indicated that (1) the bidirectional density current was the most prominent changes caused by the Three Gorges Dam; (2) main factors affecting the algal bloom could be considered to be the nutrients supply mode and the water stable stratification both caused by the density current. In view of this, the only method to eradicate the bloom was advised to be pollution control over the whole upstream of Yangtze River basin. Moreover, reservoir operation to change the density current’s characteristics was also considered to be feasible to control the algal bloom. Further researches and demonstrations in this respect are required.