抽水蓄能电站输水系统渗控效应及排水措施敏感性分析

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20231373

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

抽水蓄能电站输水发电系统一般埋深较大,在引水系统外水内渗的作用下,厂房洞室群三维渗流场分布复杂,排水措施对控制输水发电系统的渗流场具有重要作用。采用三维渗流场有限元方法,建立张掖抽水蓄能电站输水发电系统三维渗流场数值计算模型,真实考虑输水系统、地下厂房系统、防渗排水系统。在对抽水蓄能电站输水发电系统的渗流场分布规律进行分析的基础上,讨论了压力管道下层排水系统和厂房排水系统对渗流场的影响。结果表明: 正常运行情况下,地下厂房大部分位于浸润线以上且在设计渗控方案下渗流量控制在合理范围之内,渗流在靠近厂房洞室群的底部溢出,管道表现出内水外渗的特点,尾水系统渗流量相对较大;压力管道下层排水廊道对压力管道和厂房上游侧渗流场产生较大的影响,排水孔间距越小浸润线越低且相应区域渗流量越大,排水孔间距为3 m较为合理;厂房区域排水系统对地下厂房渗流场影响显著,随着排水孔间距的增加,排水效果减弱,集水井内流量减少,浸润线有所抬升,排水孔间距为3 m较为合理。

关键词: 抽水蓄能电站, 输水发电系统, 地下厂房, 输水系统, 排水系统, 渗流分析

Abstract:

The water conveyance and power generation system of pumped storage power stations is generally buried deeply,and the three-dimensional seepage field distribution of the plant’s chamber group is complex due to external seepage in the water diversion system. Drainage measures are crucial in controlling the seepage field of water transmission and power generation system. Using the three-dimensional seepage field finite element method, we constructed a numerical calculation model of Zhangye pumped storage power station’s water delivery and power generation system, integrating the water conveyance system, underground plant system, and seepage prevention and drainage systems. Based on the distribution law of seepage field within the power generation system, we analyzed the impact of the drainage system beneath the pressure pipeline and the plant’s drainage system on the seepage field. Results indicate that under normal operating conditions, most of the underground plant is above the wetting line, and seepage flow is maintained within a reasonable range under the designed seepage control plan. Seepage overflows occur near the bottom of the plant chamber group, the pipeline exhibits characteristics of internal water seepage, and the seepage flow of the tailwater system is relatively large. The lower drainage gallery of the pressure pipe significantly influences the seepage field of the pressure pipe and the upstream side of the plant. A smaller drainage hole spacing results in a lower wetting line and larger seepage flow in the corresponding area, with a drainage hole spacing of 3 m proving more reasonable. The drainage system in the plant area significantly affects the seepage field of the underground plant. As the drainage hole spacing increases, the drainage effect diminishes, the flow into the collection well decreases, the wetting line rises slightly, and a drainage hole spacing of 3 m is deemed more reasonable.

Key words: pumped storage power station, water transmission and power generation system, underground powerhouse, water conveyance system, drainage system, seepage analysis

中图分类号:

TV223.4水工建筑物的渗流和防渗

李锋, 杨雨, 温立峰, 李炎隆. 抽水蓄能电站输水系统渗控效应及排水措施敏感性分析[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(12): 109-116.

LI Feng, YANG Yu, WEN Li-feng, LI Yan-long. Sensitivity Analysis of Seepage Control Effect and Drainage Measures in the Water Conveyance System of Pumped Storage Power Stations[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2024, 41(12): 109-116.

图/表 13

图1 输水发电系统平面布置

Fig.1 Plane layout of water transmission and power generation system

图2 三维有限元计算模型

Fig.2 Three-dimensional finite element calculation model

图3 输水发电系统纵剖面

Fig.3 Longitudinal profile of water transmission and power generation system

图4 钻孔实测平均水位与计算水位的比较注:YZK03、YZK08、YZK10、CZK01、YZK09、SZK21的水位相对误差分别为0.82%、3.24%、3.96%、1.80%、1.52%、2.03%。

Fig.4 Comparison between borehole-measured average water level and calculated water level

表1 各地层及断层渗透系数反演结果

Table 1 Inversion results of permeability coefficients fordifferent strata and faults

岩层	产状	渗透系数建议范围值/ (m·s^-1)	渗透系数取值/ (m·s^-1)
岩层	产状	渗透系数建议范围值/ (m·s^-1)	K_//	K_⊥
覆盖层	各向同性	3.85×10^-5~ 3.0×10^-4	6.0×10^-5	6.0×10^-5
强风化层	各向同性	≥8×10^-7	1.5×10^-5	1.5×10^-5
弱风化层	各向同性	6.5×10^-7~ 7.9×10^-6	2.3×10^-6	2.3×10^-6
微新岩层	各向同性	7×10^-9~ 4×10^-7	2.4×10^-7	2.4×10^-7
断裂层	NW320°~ 350°SW∠60°~75°	4.48×10^-7~ 1.24×10^-6	1.1×10^-6	6.0×10^-7

图5 不同剖面位置水头等值线

Fig.5 Contours of different cross-sectional positions

表2 计算工况

Table 2 Calculation conditions

计算工况	编号	工况条件
运行期	1	上库库水位为正常蓄水位,下库库水位为死水位,防渗排水系统正常工作,排水孔间隔为3 m
压力管道下层排水系统敏感性分析	2	厂房区防渗排水系统正常工作,压力管道下层排水孔间隔2 m
	3	厂房区防渗排水系统正常工作,压力管道下层排水孔间隔5 m
	4	厂房区防渗排水系统正常工作,压力管道下层排水孔完全失效
厂房区排水系统敏感性分析	5	下层排水廊道排水系统正常工作,厂房区排水孔间隔为2 m
	6	下层排水廊道排水系统正常工作,厂房区排水孔间隔为5 m
	7	下层排水廊道排水系统正常工作,厂房区排水孔间隔为7m

图6 运行期下厂房区浸润线及水头分布

Fig.6 Infiltration line and water head distribution in the powerplant area during operation

图7 运行期各部位渗流量

Fig.7 Infiltration flow quantity of various parts during operation

图8 压力管道下排水孔间距对厂房区纵剖面浸润线的影响

Fig.8 Influence of the spacing of lower drainage holes in the pressure pipeline on the infiltration line of longitudinal section of the plant area

图9 不同压力管道下层排水孔间距下各部位渗流量

Fig.9 Infiltration flow quantity in different parts of the plant area with varied spacing of lower drainage holes in the pressure pipeline

图10 厂房区不同排水孔间距下纵剖面浸润线分布

Fig.10 Vertical profile distribution of infiltration lines in the plant area with varied spacing of drainage holes

图11 不同厂房区排水孔间距下各部位渗流量

Fig.11 Infiltration flow quantity in different parts of the plant area with varied spacing of drainage holes

[1]	高学平, 魏南疆, 刘殷竹. 接立面转弯隧洞的侧式出水口水力特性[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(7): 94-102.
[2]	金可, 常世举, 万丹, 周火明, 刘富强, 马萧萧. 抽水蓄能电站水库岩质边坡消落带生态修复探讨[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(6): 51-57.
[3]	贾真, 杨冬梅, 郑宏. 数值流形法渗流分析中处理弱不连续界面的新方法[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(12): 133-137.
[4]	刘凯, 程曦, 崔皓东, 魏凯, 严敏, 王金龙. 大型引调水渠道经山前平原段衬砌失稳机理及对策[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(10): 119-123.
[5]	后小霞, 徐晓东, 石韬, 任坤杰, 辛福选, 杨青远, 韩松林. 阻断水锤传播的调压塔水力特性及其应用[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(10): 86-93.
[6]	沈思朝, 邱金伟, 刘军, 童军, 胡波. 背河坑塘水力条件对河道边坡稳定性的影响[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2022, 39(6): 157-162.
[7]	段涛, 段杭, 任大春, 胡旭阳, 游家兴. 白鹤滩水电站左岸地下厂房施工期围岩稳定安全监测分析[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2021, 38(6): 37-44.
[8]	董家兴, 赵毅然, 徐光黎, 杨润学, 李庆, 付俊峰. 基于工程类比的高地应力地下洞室高边墙围岩支护强度评价[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2021, 38(11): 94-101.
[9]	李斌, 郭亮, 刘双华, 詹程远, 贾宝良. 基于SPC理论的灌浆压力网络监测报警系统[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2020, 37(2): 174-178.
[10]	杨庆华, 尧远, 杨乾, 赵子成, 林宏, 牟祎, 姚锦涛. 折板型竖井结构设计参数优化[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2020, 37(12): 72-80.
[11]	何军, 黄书岭, 丁秀丽, 张雨霆, 刘登学. 地下洞室围岩喷钢纤维混凝土抗弯细观机理的三维离散元分析[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2020, 37(11): 164-171.
[12]	何一纯, 丁秀丽, 吕风英, 王兰普, 石艳龙, 张雨霆. 大型抽水蓄能电站地下厂房围岩变形时效特征和反馈分析[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2020, 37(11): 172-179.
[13]	张旭, 李明宝, 韦娜, 孙振国, 杨忠翰, 田东弘. 基于分形理论的饱和土孔隙水压力计算模型[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2019, 36(6): 88-92.
[14]	周朝, 尹健民, 周春华, 艾凯. 微震法岩爆监测及其在荒沟电站地下厂房区的应用分析[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2019, 36(12): 102-106.
[15]	赵强, 柴建峰, 马传宝, 丁景焕, 李博. 某抽水蓄能电站顶盖螺栓断裂原因分析[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2019, 36(1): 134-138.