长江科学院院报 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 51-56.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20220278

• 水环境与水生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

小型水库水质劣化特征及长效治理对策

王振华1,2, 李青云1,2, 龙萌1,2, 胡艳平1,2, 郝越1,2   

  1. 1.长江科学院 流域水环境研究所,武汉 430010;
    2.长江科学院 流域水资源与生态环境科学湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430010
  • 修回日期:2022-05-16 出版日期:2023-08-01 发布日期:2023-08-09
  • 作者简介:王振华(1980-),男,河北魏县人,正高级工程师,博士,主要从事流域水土环境治理与修复技术研究。E-mail:418297212@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点项目(U21A20156)

Water Quality Degradation of Small Reservoirs: Characteristics and Long-term Countermeasures

WANG Zhen-hua1,2, LI Qing-yun1,2, LONG Meng1,2, HU Yan-ping1,2, HAO Yue1,2   

  1. 1. Basin Water Environment Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;
    2. Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resources and Eco-environmental Sciences, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
  • Revised:2022-05-16 Published:2023-08-01 Online:2023-08-09

摘要: 结合现场调查和文献资料分析,梳理了我国小型水库特点及其污染来源,分析了水质劣化特征,提出了“全面治污-系统修复-综合管护”相衔接的总体治理思路,针对肥水养殖源、面源径流源、底泥内源以及水体污染存量的特点,提出了分类定向施策原则,同时考虑水库库滨带、坝前区、支流及库湾区内的污染特异性,探讨了分区精准治污对策,并提出在截源减负基础上实施水生生物修复调控和采取综合管护措施的相关建议。研究成果可为实现小型水库水质长效达标维持和支撑广大农村地区供水健康管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 小型水库, 水质, 富营养化, 污染, 治理对策

Abstract: Based on extensive field investigations and a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, we aim to elucidate the distinctive characteristics and identify the primary sources of pollution in small reservoirs across China. Moreover, we examine the factors contributing to the deterioration of water quality and proposes an integrated approach to pollution control and ecosystem restoration, encompassing a framework of “comprehensive pollution control - systematic restoration - integrated management and protection”. To tackle the diverse pollution sources, including fertilizer aquaculture, non-point source runoff, sediment, and water pollution stock, a principle of classified and targeted application is advocated. Furthermore, considering the unique pollution patterns observed in the riparian zones, front dam areas, tributaries, and bay areas, we discuss precise pollution control measures aimed at specific partitions. We also recommend to implement aquatic bioremediation regulations and comprehensive management strategies based upon pollution source interception and load reduction. The findings of this study establish a solid theoretical foundation to maintain the long-term water quality of small reservoirs and support the sustainable water supply management in rural regions.

Key words: small reservoirs, water quality, eutrophication, pollution, countermeasures

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