三种土壤质地工程堆积体坡面流速及产沙特征

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20190134

长江科学院院报 ›› 2019, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 28-35.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20190134

三种土壤质地工程堆积体坡面流速及产沙特征

李建明^1,2,3, 王一峰¹, 张长伟¹, 王文龙^2,4, 黄金权¹, 王志刚¹, 张冠华¹, 白芸⁵

1.长江科学院水土保持研究所,武汉 430010;
2.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌 712100;
3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049;
4.西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌 712100;
5.榆林学院陕西省陕北矿区生态修复重点实验室,陕西榆林 719000

收稿日期:2019-02-11 出版日期:2019-12-01 发布日期:2019-12-20
通讯作者: 王文龙(1964-),男,陕西大荔人,研究员,博士,主要研究方向为土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:wlwang@nwsuaf.edu.cn
作者简介:李建明(1989-),男,福建三明人,工程师,博士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail:hahalijianming@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41701316,41877082,41761062);国家重点研发计划重点专项(YS2016YFSF030019);水利部技术示范项目(SF201806);长江科学院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(CKSF2019179/TB,CKSF2019176/TB,CKSF2019248/TB)

Characteristic of Flow Velocity and Sediment Yielding on Engineering Accumulations Slope with Three Soil Textures

LI Jian-ming^1,2,3, WANG Yi-feng¹, ZHANG Chang-wei¹, WANG Wen-long^2,4, HUANG Jin-quan¹,
WANG Zhi-gang¹, ZHANG Guan-hua¹, BAI Yun⁵

1.Soil and Water Conservation Department, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China;
2.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China;
3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
4.State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;
5.Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Shanbei Mining Area, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China

Received:2019-02-11 Online:2019-12-01 Published:2019-12-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生产建设项目工程堆积体由于土壤质地、砾石质量分数差异较大,导致侵蚀过程流速及产沙特性发生变化。通过人工模拟降雨试验,研究砂土、壤土及黏土3种土壤质地堆积体的流速与产沙特性。结果表明:①堆积体坡面流速在产流开始3 min内递增,随后趋于稳定;②小雨强时砂土堆积体侵蚀主要发生在产流的中后期,壤土堆积体发生在产流前期和中期,而黏土堆积体的侵蚀发生在整个降雨过程,21 min后的累计产沙量占次降雨总产沙量砂土、壤土和黏土堆积体分别为52.3%~95.6%、29.6%~44.9%和42.1%~50.0%;③产流历时、雨强与径流率、入渗率、流速、产沙率均呈显著相关性;④雨强增加1.5~2.0倍,3种土质堆积体侵蚀量增大1.2~39.8倍。相同雨强下砂土堆积体侵蚀量是壤土的6.0~6.3倍,是黏土的3.2~3.5倍;相同砾石质量分数下砂土堆积体侵蚀量分别是壤土和黏土的5.0~9.8倍和2.7~3.8倍。研究成果对于明确含砾石堆积体侵蚀过程机理具有重要意义,并为建立堆积体侵蚀预报模型奠定基础。

关键词: 工程堆积体, 产沙, 流速, 砾石质量分数, 土壤质地

Abstract: The process of velocity and sediment yielding on engineering accumulations slope are different from traditional due to differences in soil textures and mass fraction of gravel in production and construction projects. In this paper we examined the characteristic of flow velocity and sediment yielding on engineering accumulations with three soil textures (sandy soil, loam, and clay) via artificial simulation experiments. Results showed that: (1) Flow velocity increased at first within 3 minutes after the beginning of the runoff and then stabilized. (2) For sandy soil accumulations,erosion mainly occurred in the middle and late stages of runoff at small rainfall intensity; for loam, in the early and middle stages; and for clay accumulations, throughout the whole runoff process. The accumulative sediment yielding 21 minutes after runoff beginning accounted for 52.3%-95.6%,29.6%-44.9%, and 42.1%-50.0% of the total erosion amount of sand, loam and clay accumulations. (3) Significant correlations were found with runoff rate, infiltration rate, velocity, and sediment yielding rate against runoff time and rainfall intensity. Erosion amount increased by 1.2-39.8 times as rainfall intensity increased 1.5-2.0 times. Erosion amount for sandy accumulations was 6.0-6.3 times that of loam accumulations, 3.2-3.5 times that of clay accumulations under the same rainfall intensity, and 5.0-9.8 times and 2.7-3.8 times those of loam and clay accumulations with the same mass fraction of gravel. The research findings are of great significance for clarifying the mechanism of erosion process of engineering accumulations, and lay a foundation for establishing the erosion prediction model for engineering accumulations.

Key words: engineering accumulations, sediment yielding, flow velocity, mass fraction of gravel, soil textures

中图分类号:

S157.1

李建明, 王一峰, 张长伟, 王文龙, 黄金权, 王志刚, 张冠华, 白芸. 三种土壤质地工程堆积体坡面流速及产沙特征[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2019, 36(12): 28-35.

LI Jian-ming, WANG Yi-feng, ZHANG Chang-wei, WANG Wen-long, HUANG Jin-quan,
WANG Zhi-gang, ZHANG Guan-hua, BAI Yun. Characteristic of Flow Velocity and Sediment Yielding on Engineering Accumulations Slope with Three Soil Textures[J]. JOURNAL OF YANGTZE RIVER SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTI, 2019, 36(12): 28-35.

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三种土壤质地工程堆积体坡面流速及产沙特征

Characteristic of Flow Velocity and Sediment Yielding on Engineering Accumulations Slope with Three Soil Textures

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