在气候变化与人类活动影响新形势下,流域水环境发生了很大变化。水环境数值模拟可以定量描述流域水环境演变过程,是水环境规划、管理与保护工作的重要研究手段。从地表水环境模型、地下水环境模型、流域非点源污染模型3方面,分类归纳了当前主要的水环境数值模拟技术;从流域水环境演变与调控、水利工程对流域水环境的影响研究、水污染防治工程设计、水资源保护规划与管理等方面,总结了流域水环境数值模拟技术的应用情况;最后分析了当前水环境模拟技术的不足,并提出了流域水环境数值模拟技术的发展趋势。

Affected by climate change and human activities,the water environment in watersheds has changed greatly. Numerical simulation is an important approach of planning, managing and protecting water environment as it quantitatively describes the evolution of water environment. The major simulation models (surface water environment model, groundwater environment model, and non-point source pollution model) are summarized, and the applications of simulation technology are presented in terms of the evolution and regulation of water environment, the impact of hydraulic engineering on water environment, the design of water pollution control projects, and the planning and management of water protection. Moreover, the shortcomings of the current simulation technology are analyzed, and the development prospects are proposed.