在调查分析赤水河流域水土流失历史及现状的基础上，分析了赤水河流域的自然条件差异以及水土流失特点、类型、强度和空间分布规律，揭示出赤水河流域水土流失成因及影响因素。针对赤水河流域水土流失危害和存在问题，提出了河源区以生态修复为主，下游地区以预防保护措施为主，上中游地区建立生态缓冲、综合治理和自然修复三道防线开展水土保持生态环境建设。

On the basis of investigating historical and present situation on water and soil loss, the cause and influencing factors of basin are demonstrated by analysing the nature conditions and the characteristics of Chishui River basin, as well as the types and the spatial distributions of soil loss. Aiming at the disasters of soil loss in Chishui River basin, the paper proposes corresponding countermeasures. Via restoring the ecological environment in river  head of Chishui River basin, establishing the ecological buffer region in upper and middle Chishui River basin, and using the prevention measures in lower Chishui River basin, the construction of ecological environment in Chishui River basin will receive a better effect.