为了研究锚杆锚固质量声波反射法检测时锚固体中的声波传播规律，进行了不同长度完整锚杆与缺陷锚杆的模型试验。对于完整锚杆，随着锚杆长度的增加，响应波形规则性越好，底端反射波幅值逐渐减小，反射波的能量衰减随之增大。对于有缺陷的锚杆，在缺陷位置处的波形出现畸变，波形变得不规则，呈缓慢衰减或间歇增强后衰减形态，当锚杆长度不同或缺陷位置不同时，测试曲线表现出不同的波形特征。锚固体固结波速随锚杆长度增加而减小，缺陷增大而增大，但是变化幅度较小，一般在4 200 ~4 400 m/s范围内。

Models of intact and defective anchor bolts of different lengths are tested to study the rules of acoustic wave propagation in the anchoring body when sonic reflection method is used to detect the anchorage quality. For the intact bolts, the response wave gets more regular with the increase of the bolt length; at the meantime, the amplitude of bottom reflected wave reduces gradually and the reflected wave decays more severely. For the defective anchor bolts, the wave at defective location is distorted with an irregular wave attenuating slowly or attenuating after intermittent increase. The testing curves of acceleration response signal at bolt head exhibit different waveform characteristics when the bolt length or defective location is different. The consolidation wave velocity of bolt anchoring system reduces slightly with the increase of bolt length, and increases slightly along with the increase of defect size both within the range of 4200 m /s to 4400m /s.