针对农村饮水安全中水质不安全的问题,实地采集了名山县 81 个农村饮水水源地的水样，应用美国科学院国家研究委员会 (U.S. National Research Council of National Academy of Science) 推荐的健康风险模型计算并分析了本区农村水源地饮水水质的致癌风险（R）和非致癌风险 (危害指数 ,HI) ；利用 ArcGIS 的空间分析功能，选择合理的插值方法，对评价结果数据进行了分析，得出研究区水质风险的空间分布图，对该县农村饮水水质进行了致癌物及非致癌物的健康风险单因子和组合因子的综合评价；指出：水源地中主要的致癌物是砷、铬（6+）和铅；非致癌物的健康风险主要来源于砷、氟化物、硝酸盐、铁。研究结论揭示了研究区水源地水质健康风险控制指标，为水源地的治理提供了科学的参考建议。

 In order to tackle the problem of unsafe water quality in rural area, 81 water samples of rural drinking water source in Mingshan County are detected. The health risk model recommended by the U.S. National Research Council of National Academy of Science is used to calculate and analyze the water carcinogenic risk and the non-carcinogenic risk, then the spatial analysis of ArcGIS and proper interpolation methods are used to analyze the result of the assessment. Spatial distribution maps of water quality risk are drawn, and the single factor and the multi  factor of the health risk of carcinogens and non-carcinogens of the water quality are assessed. Research results show that the main carcinogens in water source area are As, Cr and Pb, and the main non-carcinogenic risk comes from arsenic, fluorides, nitrate, and ferrum. This study reveals the control index of the health risk of the water source in the studied area and provides scientific basis for the treatment of the water source areas.