自2009年开始连续3年的云南大旱凸现了云南省水资源利用效率的问题。通过基础表格调查法，收集了云南省12个州市2009年水资源与社会经济的指标，在此基础上，利用数据包络分析法（DEA）计算并分析了云南省各州市的水资源利用相对效率。研究结果表明：玉溪、楚雄、大理、曲靖以及保山的水资源利用效率相对较高，其他州市应参考这5个州市进行调整，临沧市尤其应该加大调整力度。要提高水资源利用效率，首先要加大技术投入，扩大产业规模,其次优化产业结构也是水资源效率提高的有效途径。

Inefficient water use in Yunnan Province was revealed by severe drought lasting  for three consecutive years since 2009. The relative efficiency of water use in Yunnan province is calculated and analyzed by data envelopment analysis(DEA) method on the basis of water resources and socio-economic indices of Yunnan province collected through tabular survey method. Results show that the water use efficiency in Yuxi, Chuxiong, Dali, Qujing, and Baoshan are slightly higher than that of the other autonomous regions and municipalities which could draw lessons from the experiences of the above 5 cities to address the acute water shortage. Lincang City in particular, should make more efforts to improve the water use efficiency. Strengthening technology investment is the first priority in improving water use efficiency. Measures of expanding the industrial scale and optimizing the industrial structure are also given.