我国是一个多山国家，水土流失极其严重，保护水土资源是我国的一项基本国策。总结了我国水土保持的基础理论、组织机构、法律、技术等，并比较了与其它国家的不同之处，得出我国水土保持已自成体系、教学科研机构齐全、水土保持技术相对完善、组织机构健全、政策法律有充分保障的结论。在此基础上，指出了我国水土保持存在的问题，并提出了相应的对策。

It is one of the basic state policies for China to protect water and soil resources as it is abundant in mountains yet with severe soil erosion problems. The basic theory, organizations and agencies, laws and regulations, and technologies with respect to soil and water conservation in the past few decades are summarized and compared with those of the other countries. It is concluded that soil and water conservation in China has developed a comprehensive system comprising educational and scientific institutions and organizations, mature techniques, and secured laws and policies. Meanwhile, problems of soil and water conservation in China are presented, and corresponding countermeasures are proposed.