根据长江水资源特点，对长江流域水资源配置的理论方法、配置重点、配置管理等方面的几个关键问题进行了初步的探讨。长江流域具有水资源总量相对丰富但时空分布不均的特点，局部地区存在季节性缺水。长江流域水资源配置需要考虑水量分配的时间过程，强调水资源量与质的统一管理，以及水资源和社会、经济、生态环境的联合优化；根据新时期实施最严格水资源管理制度的要求，对重点地区、重点时段的水资源配置进行研究，并结合最严格水资源管理实现水资源的合理配置。

 Water resources in Yangtze River basin are abundant in total amount, yet are unevenly distributed in time and space with seasonal water  shortage in some local areas. The water resources in Yangtze River basin, both in volume and quality, should be allocated in line with the demands of different seasons and be integrated with the balance among society, economy and eco-environment in the basin. The water resources allocation in important regions and dry seasons in association with stringent water resources management should be focused to achieve an optimized and rational allocation.