水土保持生态补偿是解决目前人类经济社会发展与水土流失矛盾，拓宽水土保持投资渠道，推动水土保持工作全面开展的有效方法。建立长江流域水土保持生态补偿机制 ,是加快长江流域水土流失治理速度 , 解决该流域水土保持投入不足 , 提高全流域保护水土资源和生态环境意识的需要。依据长江流域水土流失发生发展特点、形态、相关群体利益关系和防治对策的不同，提出长江流域水土保持生态补偿机制构想及建议。

 Soil and water conservation ecological compensation is a effective way to resolve conflict between water and soil losses and socioeconomic development, broaden the investment in soil and water conservation, and promote the development of soil and water conservation. It is necessary to establish soil and water conservation ecological compensation mechanism of Yangtze River basin for accelerating the regulation speed of water and soil losses, solving the problem of shortage of investment in soil and water conservation, and enhancing the protection consciousness of soil and water resources and ecological environment. According to the characteristics of water and soil losses in Yangtze River basin, relationship among group interest, and differences among countermeasures, the conception and suggestions of establishing soil and water conservation ecological compensation mechanism in Yangtze River basin have been put forward in this paper.