从河流健康的角度出发，介绍了水土流失健康状况评价的单一指标法和综合指标体系法。基于单一指标法和综合指标体系法，并根据长江流域水土流失分区调查资料，对流域中8个片区的水土流失健康状况进行了初步评价。通过对这8个试验区水土流失健康指标的调查和计算，表明他们分别处于3种不同的阶段：3个处于相对稳定阶段(健康指数0.6～0.77)；2个处于脆弱阶段；3个处于恶性循环阶段。这说明，长江流域中上游的水土流失情况是比较严峻的。

For studying Changjiang River basin ecological health state, the paper introduces two assessment methods for soil erosion state, i.e., single index assessment method and synthetic index assessment method. In combination with Changjiang River basins investigation data, a preliminary assessment on the basin ecological health state is conducted by using selected evaluation indexes and evaluation standards, as well as the abovementioned assessment methods. By means of investigation and calculation on soil and water loss indexes of eight typical areas in Changjiang River basin, the results indicate that they are lying in three different stages, in which three regions are in a relative steady phase (health index being 0.6 to 0.7), two regions in a fragile phase (health index between 0.5-0.6), and three regions in a vicious circle phase (health index below 0.5). So the state of soil and water loss of Changjiang River basin is rather serious.