隧洞施工中，由于地质情况不明，经常出现塌方、涌水、冒顶等地质灾害，十分需要开展地质超前预报方法研究。基于不良地质体与围岩的弹性波波速差异的地球物理超前预报方法主要有水平声波剖面法、地震波反射“负视速度”法和TSP-203系统等3种方法。从3种方法的基本原理和工程应用实例出发，对比分析了各种方法的优缺点，提出了以TSP-203系统为主的综合预报思路。

The study on the geologic advanced prediction techniques is very important, because the geologic hazards including collapse, blow and roof fall often happen during the construction of tunnels. Horizontal sonic profile method (HSP), tunnel vertical seismic profile method (TVSP) and tunnel seismic prediction method (TSP) are all based on the geophysical contrast of the elastic reflection velocities between geologic hazards and surrounding rock. The theory and case application of these methods are presented for the comparison of their advantages and shortcoming. It is also proposed to use a comprehensive prediction technique mainly based on the application of TSP-203 system.