以横穿锦屏山脉、平均埋深达到1500～2000m的锦屏辅助洞爆破开挖过程中岩爆控制为背景,介绍了辅助洞沿线岩爆分布规律及基于应力解除爆破和控制爆破技术的岩爆控制措施。辅助洞岩爆的沿线分布表明施工过程中岩爆的防治应该一方面改善围岩应力集中的程度,另一方面降低岩体的储能能力。强烈和极强岩爆洞段应力解除爆破应特别重视掌子面前方和两侧围岩中应力集中区的解除,爆破孔的间距宜在1～2m之间,不宜过大,否则将影响应力解除的效率和效果。另外,通过改善洞室周边轮廓形状、调整钻孔作业顺序和控制爆破进尺在2m以内等措施,改善了应力状态、减小了爆破扰动,对控制强烈岩爆和极强岩爆发生的频率和等级起到了积极作用。对类似深埋隧洞开挖过程中的高应力动力破坏控制具有一定的参考价值。
Abstract
The regularities of rock burst distribution along auxiliary tunnel during excavation are presented, and the measures of controlling rock burst by technology of destressing blasting and controlled blasting are discussed. The practice of rock burst controlling during the excavation of Jinping auxiliary tunnel which crosses the Jinping mountain with an average buried depth of 1 500-2 000 m is taken as a research background. The regularities of rock burst distribution along the auxiliary tunnel indicate that the rock burst should be prevented in two ways the stress concentration in surrounding rock and also the energy storage capability of surrounding rock should be reduced. Particular attention should be paid to relieve the stress in the areas in front of and both sides of tunnel face when destressing blasting methods are adopted during excavation of tunnel sections with strong and extremely strong rock burst proneness, and the distance between blast holes should be within 1-2 m, which should not be too large, or the efficiency and effectiveness of stress relieving would be reduced. In addition, the controlled blasting measures, such as improving the shape of cavern contour, adjusting drilling procedures and controlling blasting footage below 2 m, could be used to improve the stress state and reduce blasting disturbance, and they are proved to have positive effect on reducing the frequency and grade of strong and extremely strong rock burst.
关键词
锦屏辅助洞 /
岩爆 /
主动控制 /
控制爆破
Key words
Jinping auxiliary tunnel /
rock burst /
active control /
controlled blasting
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51009013,51179138);国家重点基础发展规划(973)项目(2010CB732003);国家杰出青年科学基金项目(51125037)
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