小微湿地作为都市圈生态系统的重要组成部分，在维护生物多样性、调蓄防洪和缓解热岛效应方面具有重要作用。本研究以长株潭都市圈为研究区，基于1992-2022年遥感影像数据，从自然与社会经济方面选取影响因子，结合核密度、标准差椭圆和最优参数地理探测器等方法，分析小微湿地时空演化及影响因素。结果表明，小微湿地在时序上呈先增后减态势，整体缩减面积约15.90 km2，其中城区损失显著高于非城区。都市圈小微湿地中高密度区分布主要呈现为沿湘江干流及其支流下游延伸的“西北-东南”方向带状分布格局，分布质心往东北方向偏移，分布趋向离散。在气温升高及降水波动加剧的背景下，人类活动增强导致了小微湿地萎缩，前期（1992-2007年）以耕地扩张为主导，中期（2007-2012年）过渡至耕地面积与建设用地面积变化共同作用，后期（2012-2022年）则转向以建设用地扩张为主导，各因素间非线性增强效应明显。研究结果可为长株潭都市圈小微湿地保育提供客观参考与科学指导。

Small wetlands are an important component of the metropolitan area ecosystem, helping to sustain biodiversity, regulate flood management, and mitigate the heat island effect. This study investigates the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan metropolitan area, selects influencing factors from the social and ecological aspects using remote sensing image data from 1992 to 2022, and combines kernel density, standard deviation ellipse, and optimal parameter geographic detector methods to reveal the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of small wetlands in metropolitan area ecosystem, as well as their key driving factors. The results show that the small wetlands show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing in time series, and the overall reduction area is about 15.9 km2, of which the loss in urban areas is significantly higher than that in non-urban areas. The distribution of high-density small wetlands in metropolitan area mainly presents a "northwest-southeast" banded pattern along the downstream of the Xiang River main stream and its tributaries. The distribution centroid shifts northeast, and the distribution grows more discontinuous. Against the background of rising temperature and intensified precipitation variability, increased human activity has resulted in the loss of small wetlands. Farmland expansion was the primary driver throughout the early period (1992-2007). In the mid-period (2007-2012), it shifted to a mix of agriculture and development land modifications. In the later period (2012-2022), it became dominated by the increase of construction land, with significant nonlinear strengthening effects among the various aspects. These results provide an objective basis and scientific guidance for small wetlands conservation in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan metropolitan area.