为构建适配江西省省情的幸福河湖评价体系,以江西省幸福河湖建设任务为基础框架,从平安、文明、健康、宜居、人文、富民六个维度提出幸福河湖内涵,并以此为理论支撑,构建江西省幸福河湖评价指标体系,构建基于灰色关联分析法(GRA)和优劣解距离法(TOPSIS)的综合评价模型,以宜水为研究案例,对2019—2023年宜水幸福等级开展动态评价,结合权重敏感性试验验证该评价体系的适用性。结果表明:2019—2023年间,宜水的综合相对贴近度分别为0.418 9、0.491 1、0.547 3、0.602 4、0.713 6,年均增长率为14.04%,与2019年相比,2023年综合相对贴近度提升了1.703 5倍,综合幸福等级从Ⅲ级合格水平提升至Ⅰ级优水平,说明宜水在幸福河湖规划建设推进过程中成效显著。从准则层指标来看,除“富民”呈波动态势外,其余准则层指标相对贴近度均保持逐年增长态势。“富民”是影响宜水幸福等级的主要方面,其中水资源开发利用率与万元GDP用水量为关键影响因子,未来宜水幸福河湖建设应重点强化节水管理、培育特色经济产业、深化跨区域协同治理等。权重敏感性试验结果验证了本研究构建的GRA-TOPSIS综合评价模型具有良好的适用性和科学性,研究成果可为江西省其他河湖的幸福河湖建设成效评估提供技术支撑与参考依据。

[Objective] We constructed an evaluation system for Happy Rivers tailored to the characteristics of small and medium-sized rivers in Jiangxi Province, and quantitatively evaluated the happiness level of Yishui River from 2019 to 2023 using an innovative comprehensive evaluation model. The study aims to provide a scientific basis for the construction of Happy Rivers and Lakes in Yishui River and similar river basins in Jiangxi Province, while verifying the applicability of the combined evaluation model for assessing the water environment of small and medium-sized rivers. [Methods] Guided by the framework for constructing Happy Rivers and Lakes in Jiangxi Province, we developed a three-layer system of “target layer - criterion layer - indicator layer” and selected 18 indicators, such as the compliance rate of flood control standard and the satisfaction degree of ecological base flow. The independence of the indicators was verified using correlation principal component analysis. To overcome the limitations of single weighting methods, the “BWM-EWM-minimum entropy” combined weighting method was employed to balance theoretical importance and actual data contribution. Integrating the advantage of GRA in describing dynamic trends with the comparative strength of TOPSIS in defining ideal states, this study calculated the Euclidean distance and grey correlation coefficient between samples and both the positive and negative ideal solutions to obtain the relative closeness and classify happiness levels. [Results] The relative closeness of the criterion layers for Yishui River was 0.418 9, 0.491 1, 0.547 3, 0.602 4 and 0.713 6 for the years 2019 to 2023, respectively, with an average annual growth rate of 14.04%. Compared to 2019, the relative closeness in 2023 increased by 1.7035 times, and the comprehensive happiness level improved from the qualified level of grade III in 2019 to the excellent level of grade I in 2023. These results indicated that Yishui River has achieved significant progress under the planning and construction of Happy Rivers and Lakes. From the perspective of each criterion layer, except for “enriching the people”, the relative closeness and happiness level of the other five criterion layers showed an increasing trend each year. The overall level of “enriching the people” exhibited an upward trend, improving from the qualified level of grade III in 2019 to the good level of grade II in 2023. “Enriching the people” emerged as the primary aspect affecting the happiness level of Yishui, and the development and utilization rate of water resources and water use per 10 000 yuan GDP were identified as key factors. [Conclusion] The construction of the Yishui Happy River and Lake has achieved remarkable results, but the dimension of “enriching the people” remains a bottleneck. Future efforts should focus on overcoming this bottleneck by strengthening water-saving management, developing water-related characteristic industries, and promoting regional cooperation. As the research data cannot reflect long-term change patterns, future studies should extend the monitoring period and improve the indicator system by incorporating county-level statistical data.