洞庭湖径流周期及环境流演变特征

曹艳敏; 王崇宇

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20250490

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长江科学院院报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10) : 219-226. DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20250490

河流伦理建构研究专栏

洞庭湖径流周期及环境流演变特征

曹艳敏 ¹ ,
王崇宇 ²

作者信息 +

Runoff Cycles andEvolution Characteristics of Environmental Flow Components in Dongting Lake

CAO Yan-min ¹ ,
WANG Chong-yu ²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

湖泊环境流与湖泊水生态系统及水生生物有直接相关性,可以有效评价流量变化特征对环境、生态系统的影响。以洞庭湖城陵矶、小河咀和石龟山三站1980—2020年逐日流量数据为基础,采用Morlet小波和IHA软件平台对洞庭湖径流周期和环境流进行分析。结果表明:①基于1980—2020年小波分析,城陵矶站、小河咀和石龟山站存在3个周期,主周期均为14 a;洞庭湖出口处、西洞庭湖入南洞庭湖处和澧水尾闾地区径流丰枯交替规律一致;②三峡工程运行后洞庭湖仍有大洪水事件出现,大洪水事件历时缩短,小洪水和高流量事件发生次数减少;特枯流量极小值增加,极小值出现时间提前;③湘江和藕池口环境流的单一化及资江、沅江和澧水环境流的多样化对洞庭湖环境流多样性无明显影响,原因为洞庭湖调蓄以及不同支流在湖区汇合抵消作用。研究成果可为洞庭湖环境及生态系统治理提供科学依据。

Abstract

[Objective] Environmental flow components (EFCs) are directly related to lake aquatic ecosystems and aquatic organisms, and can effectively evaluate the impact of flow variation characteristics on the environment and ecosystems. This study aims to clarify the characteristics of environmental flow variations in Dongting Lake after the operation of the Three Gorges Project, analyze the impact of these variations on the ecosystem of Dongting Lake, and provide a scientific basis for the management of the lake’s environment and ecosystem. [Methods] Based on the daily flow data at Chenglingji, Xiaohezui and Shiguishan stations in Dongting Lake from 1980 to 2020, Morlet wavelet analysis and the IHA software platform were used to analyze the runoff cycles and EFCs in the lake. [Results] Based on the wavelet analysis from 1980 to 2020, three cycles were identified at the Chenglingji, Xiaohezui, and Shiguishan stations, with a dominant cycle of 14 years for all. The runoff patterns between wet and dry periods showed consistent alternation in the outlet of Dongting Lake, the inlet from West Dongting Lake into South Dongting Lake, and the tail of the Lishui River. After the operation of the Three Gorges Project, large flood events still occurred in Dongting Lake. At Chenglingji, Xiaohezui, and Shiguishan stations, the peak flow values of these events increased to some extent, while their duration shortened. The frequency of small floods and high-flow events declined. Additionally, the minimum values of extreme low flows increased, and the timing of these values advanced. Combined with existing research findings, the homogenization of environmental flows in the Xiangjiang River and Ouchikou, and the diversification of those in the Zijiang, Yuanjiang, and Lishui Rivers, had no significant impact on the diversity of environmental flows in Dongting Lake. This was attributed to the regulation of Dongting Lake and the counterbalancing effect resulting from the convergence of different tributaries within the lake area. [Conclusions] It is recommended to increase the duration and frequency of high-flow releases during the spawning period of Chinese carp from April to July in Dongting Lake.

导出引用

曹艳敏, 王崇宇. 洞庭湖径流周期及环境流演变特征[J]. 长江科学院院报. 2025, 42(10): 219-226 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20250490

CAO Yan-min, WANG Chong-yu. Runoff Cycles andEvolution Characteristics of Environmental Flow Components in Dongting Lake[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute. 2025, 42(10): 219-226 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20250490

中图分类号： X826 (生物评价、生态评价)

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