PDF(7033 KB)
PDF(7033 KB)
PDF(7033 KB)
跨境河流数据共享的集体行动困境研究——以湄公河流域为例
Collective Action Dilemma in Data Sharing for Transboundary Rivers:A Case Study of Mekong River Basin
数据共享是开展跨境河流合作的基础和保障,其成效在很大程度上取决于外部制度环境的支持程度。基于制度性集体行动(ICA)框架,重点揭示了结构性外部环境影响合作风险的作用机理,并以此分析了湄委会开展数据共享的外部环境特征、参与方面临的合作风险结构及其对数据共享行为和成效的影响。研究发现,湄委会数据共享制度呈现弱授权关系和任务多重复杂的特征,且参与方偏好异质性高。湄委会的去中心化改革增加了合作风险,并导致数据共享成效进一步下降。未来澜湄水资源合作下的数据共享应从任务相对单一、合作风险较低的事项开始,充分考虑合作收益与交易成本的适配性,采取自下而上的方式逐步构建全流域数据共享制度框架。
[Objective] Data sharing serves as the foundation and guarantee for transboundary river cooperation, and its effectiveness largely depends on the degree of support from the external institutional environment. This study aims to address the current gap in research on transboundary river data sharing and provide theoretical support for the ongoing water resources data sharing under Lancang-Mekong cooperation led by China. [Methods] Based on the institutional collective action (ICA) framework, this study revealed the mechanisms through which structural external environments influenced cooperation risks. Furthermore, utilizing this framework, the study analyzed the characteristics of the external environment for data sharing within the Mekong River Commission (MRC), the structure of cooperation risks faced by participating parties, and the impact of these risks on data sharing behaviors and outcomes. [Results] (1) The data sharing system of the MRC was characterized by weak authorization relationships, multiple and complex tasks, and high heterogeneity in the preferences of the participating parties. (2) Cooperation risk was the core driver of the collective action dilemma in data sharing. Different data-sharing tasks are subject to various types of collaboration risks. (3) The decentralization reform of the MRC increased cooperation risks and further decreased the effectiveness of data sharing. [Conclusion] Based on the findings, it is recommended that future data sharing under the Lancang-Mekong water resources cooperation should: (1) begin with relatively simple tasks that involve low cooperation risks, focusing on low-risk, high-consensus tasks to advance data sharing progressively; (2) adhere to the principle of “software before hardware,” prioritizing soft infrastructure development tasks such as unifying monitoring standards, enhancing data management capabilities, and coordinating perceptions on sharing, and then gradually transition to constructing a unified data cooperation platform and a cross-border station network system; and (3) fully consider the compatibility between cooperation benefits and transaction costs, adopt a bottom-up institution construction model, promote the implementation of data sharing tasks through the approach of “pilot projects first, item-by-item negotiation,” and gradually construct a data sharing institutional framework for the entire river basin.
湄公河 / 数据共享 / 制度性集体行动框架 / 外部环境 / 合作风险
Mekong River / data sharing / institutional collective action framework / external environment / cooperation risk
| [1] |
|
| [2] |
李浩, 覃晖, 刘晓洁, 等. 澜湄合作机制下中柬水资源合作路径[J]. 资源科学, 2021, 43(5): 987-995.
目前,中柬水资源合作以技术援助、试点示范、水文信息共享和产能合作为主,但总体上合作水平层次还不高,合作范围还有较大的扩展空间。在构建中柬命运共同体的双边合作历史机遇和新型的澜湄多边合作框架下,未来如何深入推进中柬水资源合作?本文通过构建跨境河流合作“动因—阶段”分析框架,在系统梳理柬埔寨水资源开发利用、水旱灾害防治、水能开发利用、水生态环境保护等方面的主要问题和合作需求的基础上,提出了中柬水资源合作行动清单,并依据其实现的整体收益目标、利益分配方式和制度保障条件,按单方援助、协调合作、协同合作、联合行动4个阶段将行动清单结构化为一幅合作路径的蓝图。 同时,中柬水资源合作虽然显现出由低水平向高水平逐步发展,高水平合作向下兼容低水平合作的基本特性,但当澜湄流域面临不断涌现的新机遇和新挑战时,中柬水资源合作会在某些领域呈现跨阶段发展的局面。
(
At present, Sino-Cambodia water resources cooperation mainly focuses on technical assistance, pilot demonstration, hydrological information sharing, and production capacity cooperation. But on the whole, the level of cooperation is not high, and the scope of cooperation still has great space for improvement. Under the historical opportunity of bilateral cooperation and the new multilateral cooperation framework, how to promote the cooperation of water resources between China and Cambodia in the future? In this study, viewing through the analytical framework of the drivers-stages of trans-boundary river cooperation, and on the basis of systematically identifying the main problems and needs in the fields of water resources development and utilization, flood and drought disaster prevention, hydropower development and utilization, and water ecological environment protection in Cambodia, water resources cooperation actions between China and Cambodia are put forward. Then, according to the integrated benefit objectives and benefit distribution mode and institutional conditions, the list of actions is structured into a blueprint of cooperation pathway with four stages of unilateral assistance, coordination, collaboration, and joint actions. Although Sino-Cambodia water resources cooperation has the basic characteristics of gradual development from low level to high level, the high level cooperation is compatible with the low level cooperation. But when the whole basin is faced with emerging new cooperation opportunities and challenges, the cooperation in some areas could take a cross-stage development path. |
| [3] |
Half the world's population resides within 310 transboundary lake and river basins shared among 151 riparian nations. Approximately 60% of these basins lack cooperative frameworks to share water. The complexities of sharing water necessitate identifying approaches for managing transboundary international freshwater resources. While much has been written about the histories, theory, and mechanisms of transboundary water management, conflict, and cooperation among riparian nations, we draw attention to scholarship written about what we believe is the central tool for cooperation: data and data sharing. The 1997 United Nations' Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses (UN Watercourse Convention) recognizes sharing water resources data is vital to river basin cooperation. Data sharing builds trust between riparian states, aids in mitigating conflict, and improves environmental, economic, and social outcomes. Despite calls to increase data sharing in transboundary basins to support cooperative management, few papers review the role of data sharing in transboundary water management, including how often and what types of water resources data and information are shared. We synthesize the role of data in conflict and collaboration from peer-reviewed papers on transboundary water management from the year the UN Watercourse Convention went into force, 2014 to May 2022. We outline what scholars argue are the types of water-related data to be shared, the frequency of data sharing, and the mechanisms for sharing data for facilitating cooperation in transboundary waters.
|
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
|
| [7] |
|
| [8] |
|
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
贾佳美子. 冲突预防机制缺失与跨流域治理困境:以尼罗河流域倡议为例[J]. 中国非洲学刊, 2022, 3(1):126-142,148.
(
|
| [11] |
Mekong River Commission. Understanding the 1995 Mekong Agreement and the five MRC Procedures: A handbook[R]. Vientiane: Mekong River Commission Secretariat, 2020.
|
| [12] |
Mekong River Commission. Guidelines for Management of the MRC Hydrometeorlogical Network[R]. Vientiane: Mekong River Commission, 2005.
|
| [13] |
Mekong River Commission. Procedures for Data and Information Exchange and Sharing[R]. Vientiane: Mekong River Commission, 2001.
|
| [14] |
|
| [15] |
Mekong River Commission. Strategic Plan 2016-2020[R]. Vientiane: Mekong River Commission, 2016.
|
| [16] |
|
| [17] |
|
| [18] |
|
| [19] |
|
| [20] |
|
| [21] |
|
| [22] |
The study investigates the effect of embeddedness, defined as a property of interdependent relations in which organizations are integrated in a network, on collaboration risk emerging from relational uncertainty. Despite efforts to understand the structural effects of network governance, embedded relationships and their influence on collaboration remain relatively unexplored. A case of intergovernmental collaboration for emergency management is used as a test bed to examine the role of embeddedness in disaster networks and to extend the knowledge of collaboration risk within the institutional collective action framework. We hypothesize and test the effect of relational and structural embeddedness on the level of collaboration risk that an organization perceives. Our analysis of 69 organizations engaged in emergency management operations in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea reveals that both structural and relational embeddedness facilitate organizations to mitigate perceived collaboration risk. The results suggest that reachability secures relief of relational risk, and that commitment relationships bind participants.
|
| [23] |
|
| [24] |
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
