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太湖西部湖区沉积物中重金属的来源分析和生态风险评估
赵存法, 范琦, 苏清, 田蓉, 蔡溢玮, 王海翔, 袁和忠
长江科学院院报 ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2) : 70-79.
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太湖西部湖区沉积物中重金属的来源分析和生态风险评估
Source Analysis and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments from Western Lake Area of Taihu Lake
为准确评估太湖西部湖区的重金属来源,对该湖区小流域尺度土壤和沉积物中重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb的含量进行测定,并采用富集因子(EF)、地累积指数(Igeo)和潜在生态风险指数法综合开展了重金属生态风险评价。结果表明,沉积物中重金属含量普遍高于土壤中相应重金属含量;北部湖区沉积物重金属含量高于中部和南部湖区,沉积物中约88.4%的重金属含量增量来自陆源河流和径流的入湖排放。富集因子(EF)和地累积指数(Igeo)评估结果表明湖泊沉积物存在不同程度的重金属累积和污染风险,沉积物中Cr、Ni、Cu和Zn等重金属元素的生态风险值显著高于土壤中相应元素的生态风险值,表明这些重金属元素具有较高的潜在生态风险。潜在生态风险指数评估表明,Cd具有高生态风险值,且沉积物具有中至高程度的综合生态风险。太湖沉积物中重金属由于陆源输入包括土壤地表侵蚀而存在潜在生态风险。研究结果可为太湖流域重金属管理提供重要的陆源管理信息和依据。
[Objective] Heavy metal pollution in sediments is a major factor contributing to the deterioration of lake water quality. To accurately assess the sources and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in lake sediments, it is necessary to conduct source analysis and risk assessment at the watershed scale. [Methods] Concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in soil and sediments were measured at the small watershed scale in the western lake area of Taihu Lake, and a comprehensive ecological risk evaluation of heavy metals was performed using the enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and potential ecological risk index. [Results] The heavy metal contents in sediments were generally higher than those in soil. Moreover, the heavy metal contents in sediments from the northern lake area were higher than those in the central and southern lake areas. About 88.4% of the increase in heavy metal content in sediments came from exogenous inputs such as terrestrial rivers and runoff discharged into the lake. Additionally, the EF and Igeo demonstrated that the sediments experienced various degrees of heavy metal accumulation and pollution. The ecological risk values of Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn were significantly higher than those of the corresponding elements in soil, indicating a relatively high potential ecological risk. Finally, the assessment using the potential ecological risk index showed that Cd exhibited a relatively high ecological risk value, and the sediments exhibited moderate to high comprehensive ecological risks. [Conclusion] Overall, the potential ecological risks of heavy metals in sediments from the western lake area of Taihu Lake are attributed to terrestrial inputs, including surface soil erosion. By coupling comparative analysis of exogenous and endogenous pollution levels of heavy metals at the small watershed scale of the lake, this study provides important management information and a scientific basis for heavy metal control in the Taihu Lake watershed.
ecological risk / heavy metals / soil / sediment / Taihu Lake small watershed
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为明确芜湖内河水体中重金属健康危险程度,以芜湖内河为研究对象,选取芜湖3条典型城市河道设置采样断面,对样品中Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn这6种重金属进行测试分析,使用健康风险模型评价重金属对人体健康风险。水样分析结果表明:研究区重金属Mn、Ni超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)Ⅲ类水标准,Cr、Pb有部分点位超过Ⅲ类水标准。主成分分析结果表明:Cu、Ni、Mn和Zn由工业和生活源控制,Pb属于交通源因子,Cr是自然地质背景和人类活动因子。健康风险评价结果表明:6种重金属不存在非致癌风险,汇成河道和中山南路河道存在非致癌风险,直接摄入途径下,重金属Cr和Ni存在致癌风险。该研究结果可为芜湖城市内河水体重金属污染防治和居民生活安全用水提供措施和建议。
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In this study we have worked on the evaluation of heavy metal contamination in the sediments taken from the Tisza River and its tributaries, and thereby used the sequential extraction method, geochemical normalization, the calculation of the enrichment factor (EF), and the methods of statistical analysis. The chemical fractionation of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Fe, and Mn, carried out by using the modified Tessier method, points to different substrates and binding mechanisms of Cu, Zn and Pb in sediments of the tributaries and sediments of the Tisza River. The similarities in the distributions of Fe and Ni in all types of sediments are the result of geochemical similarity as well as of the fact that natural sources mainly affect the concentration levels of these elements. The calculated enrichment factors (EF, measured metal vs. background concentrations) indicated that metal contamination (Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr) was recorded in the sediments of the Tisza River, while no indications of pollution were detected in the tributaries of the Tisza River and the surrounding pools. The maximum values of the EF were close to 6 for Cu and Pb (moderately severe enrichment) and close to 4.5 for Zn (indicating moderate enrichment). It can be said that the Tisza River is slightly to moderately severely polluted with Cu, Zn, and Pb, and minorly polluted with Cr. It is concluded that sediments of the Tisza serve as a repository for heavy metal accumulation from adjacent urban and industrial areas.
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Concentrations of the nutrients (TN and TP), phosphorus fractions and heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, Zn and Hg) in 40 surface sediment samples collected from Taihu Lake, a eutrophic shallow lake in China, were determined. The results showed that the northwest region of the lake possessed higher concentrations of TN and TP, as well as the similar spatial distribution trend in the water column. This should be related to excessive anthropogenic input from industrial effluents and domestic sewage in surrounding areas. Similarly, the concentrations of P fractions exhibited significant regularity. In addition, except for Sr showing low concentration, the rest of the heavy metals in the surface sediments had two- to four-folds of magnitude of the concentrations compared with the reference values in earth's crust. In the past decade, concentrations of heavy metals had undergone different levels of variations. Principal component analysis (PCA) and enrichment factors (EFs) of the compositional data aiming at heavy metals showed that Taihu Lake was slightly exposing to heavy metal contamination except Sr. High concentrations of heavy metals were ascribed to the discharge of untreated and partially treated industrial waste water via rivers. Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn positively correlated with each other (R = 0.78-0.92), that indicated they had analogous sources and/or kindred geochemistry characteristics. Differing from nutrients, randomness in the space indicated that heavy metals had a complex distribution.
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Cadmium, present locally in naturally high concentrations in the Northern Plains of the United States, is of concern because of its toxicity, carcinogenic properties, and potential for trophic transfer. Reports of natural concentrations in soils are dominated by dryland soils with agricultural land uses, but much less is known about cadmium in wetlands. Four wetland categories - prairie potholes, shallow lakes, riparian wetlands, and river sediments - were sampled comprising more than 300 wetlands across four states, the majority in North Dakota. Cd, Zn, P, and other elements were analyzed by ICP-MS, in addition to pH and organic matter (as loss-on-ignition). The overall cadmium content was similar to the general concentrations in the area's soils, but distinct patterns occurred within categories. Cd in wetland soils is associated with underlying geology and hydrology, but also strongly with concentrations of P and Zn, suggesting a link with agricultural land use surrounding the wetlands.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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The Historic Centre of Krakow is on the UNESCO World Heritage List and includes the Main Market Square, which is surrounded by the historical Planty Park. Soils in the Planty Park are an example of a green area in an urban environment that is particularly exposed to heavy metal-rich pollution. To assess the relative content of heavy metals and evaluate the sources of the contamination, pollution indices were used: Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (I), Nemerow Pollution Index (PI), Potential Ecological Risk (RI), and Contamination Security Index (CSI). Pollution indices were calculated on the base of both reference and local geochemical backgrounds. Sources of heavy metals in soils of Planty Park are related to its historic role as a metallurgy centre, as well as the more recent urban and industrial development of Krakow centre and neighbouring areas. It is concluded that increased accumulation of heavy metals is an effect of growing numbers of emission sources. The variation of each element may not unambiguously reflect the natural or anthropogenic effect on the Planty Park soil cover. In general, the present and historical emission of pollutants and heavy metal-rich contamination has led to a mixed origin of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Moreover, it can be assumed that the content of Cr and Ni is derived from natural sources. Furthermore, a comparison of the quality of the Planty Park topsoil with the heavy metal content assessment in other urban parks in the world has been presented.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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The purpose of this paper is to study the regional impacts of heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Co, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg) on the watershed of the Pasvik River. On the basis of sediment investigations at 27 stations of the watershed, background concentrations of the heavy metals, vertical distribution of heavy metals in sediments, heavy metal concentrations in surface sediments, contamination degree, and risk index were determined. The atmospheric emissions of Ni, Cu, Co, Zn, Cd and Hg from the smelters and waste waters from tailing dams and mines of the Pechenganickel Company are likely to be the main sources of increasing concentrations observed in recent sediments of the lower river reaches. Lead showed a different pattern from the other heavy metals--increasing Pb concentrations in the upper sediment layers towards the Norwegian side.
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