金沙江下游向家坝水库主要支流河水离子化学特征及来源

金可; 张乾柱; 刘芳枝; 邢龙; 吴颐杭; 何迁; 彭正艺

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20240960

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长江科学院院报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10) : 64-72. DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20240960

水环境与水生态

金沙江下游向家坝水库主要支流河水离子化学特征及来源

金可 ¹ ,
张乾柱 ¹ ,
刘芳枝 ² ,
邢龙 ² ,
吴颐杭 ¹ ,
何迁 ³ ,
彭正艺 ¹

作者信息 +

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Sources of River Water in Main Tributaries of Xiangjiaba Reservoir of Lower Jinsha River

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

金沙江下游流域梯级水库是我国西南地区重要的水能基地,在区域水资源合理开发利用方面发挥了重要作用。选取梯级水库之一的向家坝水库3条主要支流(中都河、西宁河和大汶溪)为研究对象,系统采集了69个河水样品,分析了河水化学组成,探讨了河水主要离子空间分布特征及其补给来源,并计算了河水潜在补给来源对离子浓度的贡献度。结果表明:向家坝水库3条支流河水均呈弱碱性,水化学类型均为Ca-Na-HCO₃-SO₄,与金沙江流域极为类似;河水主要离子浓度受大气输入、岩石风化和人为活动共同影响,不同离子补给来源空间差异性较小;根据质量平衡方程,岩石风化对3条支流河水主要离子浓度的贡献度平均为45.5%,其中,对中都河贡献达47.2%;人为活动对河水离子组份的影响几乎一致,贡献度均达40%以上;河水可溶性离子来源于大气输入的比例相对较低,平均值为12.6%。研究成果对分析金沙江下游梯级水库水化学组成特征及岩石风化过程具有指导意义。

Abstract

[Objective] The cascade reservoirs in the Lower Jinsha River Basin are important hydropower bases in southwestern China and are crucial for the rational development and utilization of regional water resources. Systematic research on the hydrochemical composition of typical river waters in the basin and their rock weathering processes is conducted to provide theoretical support for evaluating the geochemical cycle in the Lower Jinsha River cascade reservoirs. [Methods] Three main tributaries of Xiangjiaba Reservoir (Zhongdu River, Xining River, and Dawenxi River) were selected as the research objects, and 69 river water samples were collected in May 2024 during the period of rapid algal growth in the reservoir. The hydrochemical composition was analyzed, and the spatial distribution characteristics of major ions in the river water and their sources were examined. The potential sources of river water ions were analyzed using ion ratios, principal component analysis, and ion mass balance methods. The contribution of different sources to the major ion concentration was calculated. [Results] The river water in the three tributaries of Xiangjiaba Reservoir was weakly alkaline, with small spatial differences in pH values. The average values were 8.07, 8.06, and 7.78, respectively. The major cations in the river water were Ca²⁺ and Na⁺, while the major anions were $SO 4 2 -$ and $HCO 3 -$ . In the Zhongdu River, Xining River, and Dawenxi River, the concentrations of Ca²⁺, Na⁺, $SO 4 2 -$ and $HCO 3 -$ accounted for 89%, 89%, and 88% of the total ion concentration, respectively. The hydrochemical type of the three tributaries was Ca-Na-HCO₃-SO₄, which was very similar to the river water in the Jinsha River Basin but showed significant differences compared with the mainstream of the Yangtze River, the Yarlung Zangbo River, the Xijiang River, and the Danjiangkou Reservoir. The major ions in river water of the three tributaries were influenced by multiple factors, with potential sources including atmospheric inputs, human activities, and rock weathering (such as carbonate dissolution and silicate weathering). The contribution of atmospheric inputs to ion concentrations in the river water showed little spatial difference, with an average of 12.6%. Rock weathering had a greater influence on the major ions of the Zhongdu River than on those of the Xining and Dawenxi Rivers, while human activities had a greater impact on the ion concentrations of the Xining River. [Conclusions] According to the mass balance equation, the contributions of atmospheric inputs to the ion composition of the Zhongdu River, Dawenxi River, and Xining River are 12.2%, 12.9%, and 12.7%, respectively. The contributions of silicate dissolution to the ions in the three tributaries are 31.2%, 27.3%, and 26.8%, respectively. The contributions of carbonate dissolution are 16.1%, 17.2%, and 18.1%, respectively. The proportions of river water ions derived from human activities are 40.6%, 42.5%, and 42.4% for the Zhongdu River, Dawenxi River, and Xining River, respectively. The research results provide guidance for understanding the hydrochemical characteristics and chemical weathering processes of cascade reservoirs in the Lower Jinsha River Basin.

导出引用

金可, 张乾柱, 刘芳枝, 等. 金沙江下游向家坝水库主要支流河水离子化学特征及来源[J]. 长江科学院院报. 2025, 42(10): 64-72 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20240960

JIN Ke, ZHANG Qian-zhu, LIU Fang-zhi, et al. Hydrochemical Characteristics and Sources of River Water in Main Tributaries of Xiangjiaba Reservoir of Lower Jinsha River[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute. 2025, 42(10): 64-72 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20240960

中图分类号： P592 TV62 (水库工程)

参考文献

列表( 原文顺序 | 文献年度倒序 | 文中引用次数倒序 ) 可视化分析

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摘要

选择中国西南三江流域作为研究对象，结合水化学及溶解性无机碳碳同位素，借助正演模型，分析河水溶解性组分来源及混入比例，说明硫酸参与区域碳酸盐矿物风化过程及CO2净释放量。结果表明：（1）西南三江流域河水受复杂岩性控制，金沙江河水以Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3为主，与流域上游蒸发盐矿物溶解有关，澜沧江和怒江则以Ca-HCO3为主，显示碳酸盐和硅酸盐矿物溶解的影响；（2）蒸发盐矿物溶解是金沙江干流河水阳离子主要来源，其贡献均值为52%，对澜沧江和怒江河水贡献较小，平均值分别为11%和2%。碳酸盐矿物溶解是澜沧江和怒江干流河水阳离子主要来源，其贡献均值分别为70%和78%，对金沙江干流河水的贡献较小，平均为38%，但对金沙江支流河水的贡献较大，平均为74%。硅酸盐风化产物对金沙江、澜沧江和怒江干流的平均贡献分别为8%、16%和15%，对金沙江支流河水的贡献为15%；（3）金沙江、澜沧江和怒江流域硅酸盐矿物风化速率分别为1.39、3.27和4.27 t·km-2·a-1，CO2消耗速率分别为0.34×105、1.18×105和1.40×105 mol·km-2·a-1，碳酸盐矿物风化速率分别为16.93、33.13和33.54 t·km-2·a-1，CO2消耗速率分别为1.40×105、2.47×105和2.22×105 mol·km-2·a-1；（4）西南三江流域河水硫酸盐主要来源于硫化物矿物氧化，硫酸参与碳酸盐矿物风化净释放CO2量分别为0.73×105、3.01×105和4.27×105 mol·km-2·a-1，高于中国贵州地区，应当在研究区域碳循环以及全球气候变化过程中引起重视。

(TAO

Zheng-hua

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Zhi-qi

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Dong

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摘要

河流化学径流多源自流域岩石风化、地表侵蚀及人类活动等,水化学特征是流域多重环境信息的综合表现。为探讨丹江口水库水化学特征及影响因素,分别于2017年10月、2018年1月、4月和7月系统采集丹江口水体,分析水体离子组成及时空变化规律等水化学特征。分析结果显示:水体pH值介于7.02~8.58之间,呈中偏弱碱性,水体溶解氧、ORP值及电导率具有明显季节变化,总溶解性固体(TDS)平均值为(176.14±15.98) mg/L,高于世界河流平均值。在水体主要阳离子中,Ca2+含量最高,介于50%~70%之间,其次,Mg2+含量为20%~30%;在阴离子组成中,大部分样点的HCO3-含量达70%以上,(Cl-+SO42-)含量在20%以下,DSi含量在10%以下。研究结果表明,碳酸盐岩风化控制了水体总体特征,部分离子受硅酸盐岩风化影响,人类活动亦是影响水体化学特征的重要因素,与已有监测结果对比,近年来丹江口水库水环境有一定程度改善。研究结果为流域水资源综合管理和开发利用提供了数据支撑。

(ZHANG

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Hao-jun

, LU

Yang

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https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20190716

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Yuan-qing

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Guo-feng

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In order to study the characteristics of hydrochemical composition in rivers, water samples were collected in Baishui, Sanshu and Geji hydrological stations around Yulong Mountain. The results indicated that water of the three rivers is mildly alkaline with rich with Ca2+ and HCO3-. Obvious variations have been perceived during the rainy season. According to sources study of major ions, water of the three rivers were mainly influenced by precipitation and rock weathering function. The proportions of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42- from precipitation in water are 23.44%, 9.66%, 3.10%, 17.81%, and 10.48%, respectively. In addition, the ion characteristics of river water were mainly influenced by carbonating weather. The human activities should not be ignored though its influence was little.

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