基于IHA-RVA法的祖厉河流域水文情势变化分析

吕明侠, 王一博

长江科学院院报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5) : 57-64.

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长江科学院院报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5) : 57-64. DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20240930
水资源

基于IHA-RVA法的祖厉河流域水文情势变化分析

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Hydrological Regime Alteration in Zuli River Basin Based on IHA-RVA Method

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文章历史 +

摘要

气候变化和人类活动强烈改变区域水文环境,迫切需要基于高精度实测数据对黄土高原水土流失区水文情势变化开展详细研究。基于日尺度的径流数据,运用水文指标变化范围(IHA-RVA)法对流域的水文情势改变程度进行了综合评估。结果表明:气候暖化和水土保持措施共同影响下祖厉河流域的年平均径流量呈显著下降趋势,在1996年发生突变,且水土保持措施的贡献大于气候变化贡献的3倍以上。径流突变前后,流域水文整体改变度为48%,属于中度改变。极端水文指标的改变度大于月均流量指标的改变度,低流量历时改变度最大达到95%,11月份月均流量改变度仅1%。径流突变后,不管是月均流量指标还是极端流量指标均呈现出年内分布的均匀化趋势。该研究为干旱的水土流失区生态环境保护及水资源规划管理提供方法依据和理论支撑。

Abstract

[Objective] This study aims to investigate the hydrological regime alteration in rivers in the soil erosion region of the Loess Plateau under the combined influence of climate change and human activities.[Methods]Using daily runoff data, this study conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the degree of hydrological regime alteration in the basin using the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration-Range of Variability Approach (IHA-RVA). [Results] Climate warming and soil-water conservation measures jointly led to a significant decrease in the annual average runoff in the Zuli River Basin, with an abrupt change occurring around 1995.Following the abrupt change of runoff, both monthly average flow and related extreme flow indicators exhibited a trend of uniform intra-annual distribution. The degree of change in extreme hydrological indicators was greater than that in monthly average flow indicators,with the change in low-flow duration reaching up to 95% and the change in monthly average flow in November being only 1%.The occurrence time of annual minimum flows advanced significantly,whereas the occurrence time of maximum flows was delayed. After the hydrological abrupt change,both the frequency and duration of high and low flows at the Jingyuan Station decreased significantly.The Zuli River Basin experienced more frequent flow changes,while the amplitude of these changes gradually diminished. After the abrupt change of runoff in the Zuli River Basin, the overall hydrological alteration degree was 48%, which was classified as moderate alteration. [Conclusions] Human activities, primarily driven by soil-water conservation measures, strongly influence the hydrological regime alteration in the Zuli River Basin. Following the abrupt change of runoff, a notable decrease in basin runoff is observed, accompanied by a trend towards more uniform intra-annual distribution. This study provides methodological frameworks and theoretical foundations for ecological conservation and water resource management in arid, soil erosion regions.

关键词

IHA-RVA法 / 水文情势变化 / 水文改变度 / 水土流失区 / 祖厉河流域

Key words

IHA-RVA method / hydrological regime alteration / degree of hydrological alteration / soil erosion region / Zuli River Basin

引用本文

导出引用
吕明侠, 王一博. 基于IHA-RVA法的祖厉河流域水文情势变化分析[J]. 长江科学院院报. 2025, 42(5): 57-64 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20240930
LÜ Ming-xia, WANG Yi-bo. Hydrological Regime Alteration in Zuli River Basin Based on IHA-RVA Method[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute. 2025, 42(5): 57-64 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20240930
中图分类号: TV121 (径流)   

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基于祖厉河干流会宁、郭城驿、靖远3个国家基本水文站1957—2021年实测的月、年径流量资料,采用线性倾向估计、Mann-Kendall检验、小波分析等方法,探讨了祖厉河流域不同时间尺度径流变化规律,进行了径流减少的归因分析。结果表明:(1) 1957—2021年期间祖厉河干流径流量呈减少趋势,近30 a径流量减少52.9%。(2) 会宁、郭城驿、靖远3个水文站实测年径流量分别在1992年、1984年、1994年发生了突变。(3) 祖厉河干流3站径流量与降水量呈现相似的丰枯周期。分析结果表明,祖厉河干流实测年径流量减少主要受水土保持措施等人类活动的影响,其次为降水减少等气候因素的影响,其中,人类活动和气候变化对径流减少的贡献率分别为74.47%、25.53%。
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Based on the measured annual and monthly runoff data of Huining, Guochengyi and Jingyuan stations in the main stream of Zuli River from 1957 to 2021, the variation characteristics and driving factors of runoff at different time scales in Zuli River Basin were analyzed by linear tendency estimation, Mann-Kendall test and wavelet analysis. The results showed that: which are mainly influenced by human activities and climatic factors. (1) The runoff of the main stream of the Zuli River showed a decreasing trend from 1957 to 2021, and the runoff has decreased by 52.9% over the past 30 years. (2) The measured annual runoff of the three hydrological stations of Huining, Guochengyi, and Jingyuan underwent abrupt changes in 1992, 1984, and 1994, respectively. (3) Runoff and precipitation showed similar cycles of abundant and low state at the three stations of the main stream of Zuli River. The analysis results show that the reduction of measured annual runoff in the main stream of the Zuli River is mainly affected by human activities such as soil and water conservation measures, followed by climatic factors such as the reduction of precipitation, of which human activities and climate change contribute to the reduction of runoff by 74.47% and 25.53%, respectively.

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摘要
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摘要
进入人类纪尤其是近数十年来,人类活动对水文过程的影响愈来愈突出,愈来愈强烈,许多新的问题用传统水文学理论难以给出合理的分析和解释,因此,作为两个关注人类活动影响的水文学分支学科,社会水文学和城市水文学受到越来越多的关注。随着人水互动关系的增强,水文系统和人类系统逐渐演变为一个耦合系统,为研究其互馈关系和协同演化过程,社会水文学应运而生。城市是人类活动与自然系统相互影响最剧烈的部分之一,城市区域水循环问题日趋复杂,由此诞生了城市水文学。这两个学科的研究,对水资源和与其相关的经济社会发展的中长期规划和管理,指导城市规划建设、增强城市水安全和改善城市水环境具有重要意义。本文梳理了两个学科的发展规律,总结了研究特点。分析了两个学科的研究现状和发展趋势,包括社会水文学对社会因子的研究、典型流域的案例研究、不同案例的对比研究、模型模拟研究;以及城市水文学中城市化对降水和洪涝灾害的影响研究,城市化与生态环境响应关系的研究。本文探讨了两个学科的重点研究领域,如社会水文学中的本构关系研究、比较社会水文学研究、交叉学科研究等;城市水文学中的城市化对水文过程影响机理及模拟研究、城市暴雨洪水监测与预测预警技术研究、城市雨洪管理和资源化利用技术研究等。
(TIAN Fu-qiang, CHENG Tao, LU You, et al. A Review on Socio-hydrology and Urban Hydrology[J]. Progress in Geography, 2018, 37(1): 46-56.) (in Chinese)

The impact of human activities on hydrological processes becomes remarkable in Anthropocene, and many problems go beyond the scope of traditional hydrology. As two important sub-disciplines in hydrology that focus on human interventions, socio-hydrology and urban hydrology have attracted increasingly more attention. With the strengthened interactions between human and water, hydrological and human systems are becoming tightly coupled, and socio-hydrology emerged to investigate the feedbacks between the two systems and their coevolution processes. Cities are places where human activities and the natural system interact most intensively, and the hydrological processes in urban regions are becoming more complicated, therefore urban hydrology has been developed. The two disciplines are of great importance for the medium- and long-term planning and management of water resources and related socioeconomic development, as well as for guiding urban planning and construction, enhancing urban water security, and improving urban water environment. This article reviewed the patterns of development and characteristics of research of the two disciplines. It also analyzed the research status and development trends, including the study of social factors, case study in representative basins, comparative study of different cases, and model simulation in socio-hydrology, as well as the impact of urbanization on precipitation and flood, and the response relationship between urbanization and environment in urban hydrology. Key study areas in the two disciplines are discussed. For socio-hydrology, the key study areas include constitutive relation study, comparative socio-hydrology, and interdisciplinary study while the key study areas of urban hydrology include the mechanism and simulation of urbanization impact on hydrological processes, monitoring and forecasting technology of urban rainstorm and flood, and urban rain-flood management and resource utilization technology.

[20]
王逸飞, 武磊, 杨致远, 等. 甘肃黄河流域水沙动态及其归因分析[J]. 水资源保护, 2025, 41(1):131-139.
(WANG Yi-fei, WU Lei, YANG Zhi-yuan, et al. Water and Sediment Dynamics and Its Attribution Analysis in the Yellow River Basin of Gansu Province[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2025, 41(1):131-139.) (in Chinese)
[21]
鞠琴, 吴佳杰, 姚婷月, 等. 基于IHA-RVA法的渭河流域水文情势变化分析[J]. 水文, 2022, 42 (4): 76-82.
(JU Qin, WU Jia-jie, YAO Ting-yue, et al. Analysis of Hydrological Regime Change in Weihe River Basin Based on IHA-RVA Method[J]. Journal of China Hydrology, 2022, 42 (4): 76-82.) (in Chinese)

基金

四川大学山区河流保护与治理全国重点实验室开放课题(SKHL2314)
甘肃省水利科学试验研究及推广计划项目(22GSLK030)
甘肃省水利科学试验研究及推广计划项目(25GSLK010)
国家重点研发计划项目(U2240226)

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