卜形岔管冲蚀磨损特性研究

董静; 周王子

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20240769

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长江科学院院报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10) : 104-110. DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20240769

水力学

卜形岔管冲蚀磨损特性研究

董静 ¹ ,
周王子 ²

作者信息 +

Erosion and Wear Characteristics of Y-Shaped Bifurcated Pipes

DONG Jing ¹ ,
ZHOU Wang-zi ²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

卜形岔管在含沙条件下运行易受泥沙颗粒冲蚀磨损破坏,直接威胁管线安全运行。采用数值模拟方法,结合物理模型试验,研究了岔管内部固液两相流动。分析了岔管的磨损特性和关键影响因素,并探索了椭圆弧形倒角对岔管磨损分布的影响机制。结果表明:岔管的主管进口、出口附近磨损较严重,裆部次之,支管最轻;颗粒质量流量对岔管磨损分布影响最大,颗粒冲击速度次之;通过设置椭圆弧型倒角,可顺畅水流运动、降低颗粒作用于管壁的质量流率,从而减轻主管出口和岔管裆部的磨损,相应位置的平均磨损量较圆弧形倒角岔管分别降低了22.26%、21.03%;数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好,证明了数值模拟方法的可靠性。研究成果可为岔管设计提供参考。

Abstract

[Objective] Designing the shape of bifurcated pipes has long been a focus in water diversion projects. Current research on the erosion of pipes by sediment-laden flows remains limited, and studies specifically on the erosion and wear of Y-shaped bifurcated pipes are even rarer. This study aims to investigate the erosion and wear characteristics of Y-shaped bifurcated pipes and optimize their shape. [Methods] We employed numerical simulation and physical model experiments to investigate the solid-liquid two-phase flow within Y-shaped bifurcated pipes during the standalone operation of the main pipe. The influence of an elliptical arc chamfer scheme on the hydraulic and wear characteristics of the bifurcated pipe was explored. The numerical simulation results demonstrated strong consistency with the experimental data, validating the reliability of the numerical simulation method. [Results] (1) During standalone operation of the main pipe, compared with the bifurcated pipe with a circular arc chamfer, the bifurcated pipe with an elliptical arc chamfer had a more open space and gradual variations in the flow cross-section, resulting in smoother internal flow patterns. Its head loss coefficient was smaller, reduced by 6.9% compared to the circular arc chamfer pipe. The local low-pressure distribution at the bifurcation angle significantly improved, and the minimum pressure increased by 1.47 m water head compared with the circular arc chamfer bifurcated pipe, indicating that the elliptical arc chamfer bifurcated pipe could effectively improve the low-pressure distribution and enhance the bifurcated pipe’s cavitation resistance. (2) When the main pipe operated independently, the wear on the bifurcated pipe was most severe near the inlet and outlet of the main pipe, followed by the crotch area, while the branch pipe area experienced the least wear. The particle mass flow rate had the greatest impact on the wear distribution of the bifurcated pipe, followed by the particle impact velocity. By adopting an elliptical arc chamfer, the water flow could move smoothly, and the mass flow rate of particles acting on the pipe walls was reduced, thereby mitigating wear at the main pipe outlet and the crotch area of the bifurcated pipe. The average wear at the corresponding positions was reduced by 22.26% and 21.03%, respectively, compared to the circular arc chamfer bifurcated pipe. [Conclusions] During standalone operation of the main pipe, compared with bifurcated pipes with a circular arc chamfer, bifurcated pipes with an elliptical arc chamfer demonstrate a 1.47 m water head increase in minimum pressure and significant reduction in abrasion at the main pipe outlet and the crotch area. These findings indicate that elliptical arc chamfer bifurcated pipes effectively enhance both cavitation resistance and abrasion resistance of bifurcated pipes, providing valuable references for bifurcated pipe design.

导出引用

董静, 周王子. 卜形岔管冲蚀磨损特性研究[J]. 长江科学院院报. 2025, 42(10): 104-110 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20240769

DONG Jing, ZHOU Wang-zi. Erosion and Wear Characteristics of Y-Shaped Bifurcated Pipes[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute. 2025, 42(10): 104-110 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20240769

中图分类号： TV131 (水力理论、计算、实验)

参考文献

列表( 原文顺序 | 文献年度倒序 | 文中引用次数倒序 ) 可视化分析

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长江源区地处青藏高原,气候条件恶劣,受技术条件限制,有关江源地区河流径流输沙资料较少。为了探究江源地区河流径流输沙情况,基于2012—2021年间水文站实测资料和14个野外观测点数据,分析了长江源区河流水沙时空变化特征。结果表明:①长江源区径流量与降水量、温度显著相关,输沙量与径流量相关系数达0.842,与降水量相关系数为0.610;②受气温、降水等因素影响,长江源区河流径流输沙呈现明显的空间分布差异,其中2018年、2020年、2021年同期流量较大,含沙量则在2019年6月最大;③长江源区各考察点悬沙中值粒径总体呈现增大趋势,床沙中值粒径普遍较大,通天河干流、布曲、尕尔曲床沙中值粒径最大,各河段年际间变化规律不一致。研究成果可对无资料地区河流的径流输沙规律认识提供参考,为长江源区河流保护提供技术支撑。

(CHEN

Peng

, JIN

Zhong-wu

, ZHOU

Yin-jun

, et al. Characteristics of Water and Sediment Changes in the Source Region of Yangtze River from 2012 to 2021[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2023, 40(10):180-185. (in Chinese))

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摘要

对某铁矿充填系统的管流输送进行了输送参数确定及管道磨损研究，采用经验公式得出料浆临界流速及运输管道的临界管径，并运用Fluent进行数值模拟分析，找出料浆在输送过程中对输送管道磨损较为严重的部位。结果表明，铁矿料浆质量浓度62%~68%时，临界流速0.806~0.831 m/s、输送管道直径0.207～0.209 m条件下可实现自流输送；料浆流动过程中速度与压力最大值集中在管道中心线附近，但在各拐点处的管段料浆流速与压力会产生突增，且最大值在拐点内侧管壁；在拐点后一段管道内料浆流速与压力值先增大后减小，最大值由靠近下管壁逐渐回到管道中心线附近；整个输送管道中磨损较为严重的部位出现在弯管内侧及其接下来的一段管道的下管壁。

(GUO

Mo-chuan

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Yu-ye

, CHU

Li-shen

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https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2022.05.009

本文引用 [1] 摘要

The parameters of gravity flow transportation for a backfilling system in an iron mine and the pipeline wear were studied. The critical flow velocity of the slurry and the critical pipe diameter of the transportation pipeline were obtained by using an empirical formula. The numerical simulation analysis was performed with Fluent for finding out the parts seriously worn by the slurry during the transportation. The results show that for the slurry with mass concentration of 62%-68%, the critical flow velocity is 0.806-0.831 m/s and the transportation by gravity can be performed in the pipeline with diameter of 0.207-0.209 m. In the flowing process of the slurry, both the maximum flow velocity and maximum pressure mostly appear near the centerline of the pipeline, but the flow velocity and pressure of the slurry at each bend will increase sharply, with the maximum value appearing on the inside wall of bends. And both of them will increase followed by decrease at the section after the bends, with the maximum value gradually appearing from the area close to the lower pipe wall to the areas near the pipeline′s centerline. The severely worn parts are the inner side of the bends and the lower pipe wall of the following section.

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周彩荣, 伍鹤皋, 石长征. 埋藏式月牙肋钢岔管布置形式选择和承载特性研究[J]. 水力发电学报, 2014, 33(4): 208-213.

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Cai-rong

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He-gao

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Chang-zheng

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摘要

内加强月牙肋钢岔管具有水头损失小、受力比较均匀、外部无明显突出构造物、洞室开挖断面较小等优点,因此广泛应用于地下埋藏式压力管道。但布置在地面上的明式月牙肋钢岔管尚不多见,特别是当钢岔管承受的水头和直径较大时。以某水电工程钢岔管为例,以满足结构受力和水力条件为前提,优化岔管体形,然后按照钢衬钢筋混凝土岔管结构进行了有限元计算,得到了一些有益的结论。

(CHEN

Guan-fu

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He-gao

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Jin-long

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本文引用 [1]

[21]

汪碧飞, 李勇泉, 陈美娟, 等. 埋藏式月牙肋岔管内压分担比研究[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2021, 38(6):123-127.

https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20200306

摘要

采用三维有限元模拟了岔管、回填混凝土与围岩的联合承载体,分析了回填混凝土的塑性性质、岔管与回填混凝土之间的缝隙及围岩力学性能等重要因素对联合承载体的影响。结果表明:考虑回填混凝土的塑性性质后,围岩分担率下降;缝隙宽度超过一定值后,回填混凝土与围岩对岔管约束急剧下降,围岩分担率接近0;围岩力学性能越好,围岩分担率越高;考虑联合承载后,水压试验时岔管可能不足以承担1.25倍的设计压力,应根据岔管钢材允许应力研究水压试验值。研究成果为钢岔管与围岩共同分担内水压力的埋藏式月牙肋岔管的设计提供了参考。

(WANG

Bi-fei

, LI

Yong-quan

, CHEN

Mei-juan

, et al. Sharing Ratio of Internal Pressure of Embedded Crescent-rib Bifurcated Pipe[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2021, 38(6):123-127. (in Chinese))

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[23]

刘贤才, 张雨萌, 汤怀萱, 等. 姚家平水利枢纽工程钢岔管结构型式选择与CFD研究[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2024(1): 231-236.

https://doi.org/10.12396/znsd.230442

摘要

结合姚家平水利枢纽工程的总体布置，对主电站引水系统对称Y形和非对称Y形月牙肋钢岔管两种结构型式分别进行了三维有限元应力分析和CFD三维流场计算。计算结果表明：对称岔管两腰部位应力分布均匀，肋板尺寸较小；但在主支锥管相贯线内表面A点附近出现较大的应力集中现象，因此对称岔管满足强度所需的管壁厚度大于非对称岔管。在水力学方面，非对称岔管两支管的水头损失不相等，其中与主管同轴线的直支管水头损失最小，斜支管水头损失最大，但没超过对称岔管的0.358 m，说明从岔管部位水头损失和水流流态上看，非对称岔管也稍优于对称Y形岔管。综合考虑岔管结构和水力学特性以及工程地形等因素，建议姚家平水利枢纽工程中主电站引水发电系统选择非对称Y形岔管布置方案。

(LIU

Xian-cai

, ZHANG

Yu-meng

, TANG

Huai-xuan

, et al. Structural Type Selection and CFD Study of Steel Bifurcation in Yaojiaping Water Conservancy Project[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower, 2024(1): 231-236. (in Chinese))

https://doi.org/10.12396/znsd.230442

本文引用 [1] 摘要

Combined with the general layout of Yaojiaping Hydraulic Project， this paper carries out three dimensional finite element stress analysis and flow field calculation respectively for the diversion system of the main power station with symmetrical Y shape and asymmetric Y shape crescent ribbed steel bifurcation. The calculation results show that the stress distribution at the two sides of symmetrical bifurcation is relatively uniform and the size of the rib is smaller. However， the stress concentration is greater near point A on the inner surface of the main branch taper intersecting line In terms of hydraulics， the head loss of two branches of asymmetric bifurcated pipe is not equal. The straight branch pipe with the main coaxial line has the smallest head loss， and the inclined branch pipe has the largest head loss， but not more than 0.358m of symmetrical bifurcation. It shows that the asymmetric bifurcation is slightly better than the symmetrical Y-shaped bifurcation in terms of head loss and flow pattern of the bifurcation. Considering the structural and hydraulic characteristics of bifurcation as well as the engineering topography， it is suggested that the asymmetric Y-shaped bifurcation layout should be chosen for the diversion system of the main power station in Yaojiaping Hydropower Project.

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