为推广大粒径骨料沥青混凝土在水利工程中的应用,探究了相同配合比,不同影响因素条件下大粒径骨料沥青混凝土的应力应变、剪胀特性,在剪切大变形条件下(轴向应变ε_a=30%)对最大粒径D_max分别为26.5、31.5、37.5 mm沥青混凝土进行了静三轴试验研究,为进一步比较D_max分别为19、37.5 mm沥青混凝土心墙的差异性,基于未考虑心墙和堆石体接触的有限元模型对新疆某典型工程沥青混凝土心墙进行了对比分析,结果表明:随着骨料粒径增大,沥青混凝土的应力-应变曲线由软化型转为硬化型;相同围压条件下,大粒径骨料(D_max>19 mm)沥青混凝土的切线模量E_t低于D_max=19 mm沥青混凝土,围压增加时,D_max=37.5 mm沥青混凝土的最大偏应力、最大体应变相较于D_max=19 mm沥青混凝土都有所下降,适当增大最大骨料粒径可以减弱剪胀性;提出了初始物理参数(围压、不同最大粒径)计算相变应力比M_pt的表达式,可作为大粒径沥青混凝土剪缩剪胀转化的判断依据,M_pt越大,剪胀性越强;大粒径沥青混凝土心墙沉降率、最大小主应力和最大大主应力均几乎无差异。研究成果有助于推动大粒径沥青混凝土在高应力、深厚覆盖层条件的高坝工程的应用。

[Objective] To promote the application of large-aggregate asphalt concrete in water conservancy projects, this study investigates the stress-strain and dilatancy characteristics of large-aggregate asphalt concrete under the same mix ratio but under varying influencing factors. [Methods] Under large shear deformation conditions (ε_a=30% ), static triaxial tests were carried out on asphalt concrete with D_max=26.5, 31.5, and 37.5 mm. The dilatancy characteristics were elucidated from the perspectives of confining pressure and different maximum aggregate sizes. The relationship between the phase transformation stress ratio (M_pt) of asphalt concrete and confining pressure as well as different maximum aggregate sizes was comparatively analyzed, and an expression for determining whether dilatancy occurred in the specimen based on initial parameters was established. To further demonstrate the applicability of large-aggregate asphalt concrete, the D_max=19 mm asphalt concrete in the core wall was replaced with D_max=37.5 mm asphalt concrete. Based on a finite element model that ignored the contact and dilatancy between the core wall and the rockfill body, stress-deformation calculations were performed on the asphalt concrete core wall of a typical project in Xinjiang to simulate the behavior of the core wall with large-aggregate asphalt concrete and analyze the influence of maximum aggregate size on the calculation parameters. [Results] (1) With increasing aggregate size, the stress-strain curve of asphalt concrete changed from the softening type to the hardening type. (2) Under the same confining pressure conditions, the tangent modulus E_t of large-aggregate asphalt concrete was lower than that of D_max=19 mm asphalt concrete. As the confining pressure increased, both the maximum deviatoric stress and the maximum volumetric strain of D_max=37.5 mm asphalt concrete decreased compared to D_max=19 mm asphalt concrete, indicating that appropriately increasing the maximum aggregate size could weaken the shear dilatancy. (3) An empirical expression for calculating the phase transformation stress ratio M_pt based on initial physical parameters (confining pressure, different maximum aggregate sizes) was proposed, which could serve as a criterion for the transformation between shear contraction and dilatancy in asphalt concrete. A larger M_pt value indicated stronger shear dilatancy. (4) Furthermore, the finite element analysis results showed that there were almost no differences in settlement rate, maximum minor principal stress, and maximum major principal stress of the core walls. The dilatancy characteristics of large-aggregate asphalt concrete met the requirements of high-stress and deep overburden conditions for high dam projects. [Conclusion] Under the conditions of this study, increasing the maximum aggregate size in the asphalt concrete core wall has almost no effect on its stress condition. The experimental results provide a theoretical basis for the promotion and application of large-aggregate asphalt concrete in high dam projects under high-stress and deep overburden conditions.