采用长江上游的攀枝花、华弹、屏山、朱沱、寸滩5个水文站以及溪洛渡、向家坝坝前实测水温数据,分析了水温年内、年际变化特征以及沿程变化规律,并探讨了梯级水库运行对水温的影响。结果表明:5站月均水温最高值一般出现在7—8月份,最低值一般出现在1月份;受溪洛渡、向家坝水库的调蓄下泄低温水影响,坝后年平均水温、最高水温、最低水温均比坝前水温降低;溪洛渡坝后年平均水温较坝前平均低0.6 ℃,最高水温平均降低约3.5 ℃,最低水温平均降低约0.1 ℃。向家坝坝后年平均水温较坝前低0.6 ℃,最高水温平均降低约1.6 ℃,最低水温平均降低约0.2 ℃;坝下游屏山、朱沱、寸滩3个水文站建库后冬季水温上升,夏季水温降低,年平均水温比建库前升高,越靠近下游升高幅度越大;年最高水温比建库前降低,越靠近下游降低幅度越小;年最低水温总体呈现建库后比建库前水温升高的规律。
Abstract
In this study we examine the annual and interannual variations of water temperature and analyzes temperature trends along the river course, and particularly discuss the impact of cascade reservoir operations on water temperature based on measured data of natural water temperature in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, including hydrological stations of Panzhihua, Huadan, Pingshan, Zhutuo, and Cuntan, as well as locations upstream of Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba dams. Results indicate that peak monthly mean water temperatures across the five stations typically occur in July and August, while the lowest temperatures are recorded in January. Affected by the release of colder water from the reservoirs, both annual mean and extreme temperatures downstream of dam are lower compared to those upstream. Downstream the Xiluodu Dam, temperatures are, on average, 0.6 ℃ cooler than that upstream, and maximum temperatures are approximately 3.5 ℃ lower. Similarly, temperatures downstream the Xiangjiaba Dam are, on average, 0.6 ℃ cooler with maximum temperatures around 1.6 ℃ lower. Notably, Pingshan, Zhutuo, and Cuntan stations experience water temperature rises in winter and decreases in summer. Furthermore, annual average water temperature after reservoir construction are higher than that before construction, with the magnitude intensifying downstream; annual maximum temperatures after reservoir construction are generally lower than those before construction, while the magnitude of decrease diminishes downstream. Conversely, annual minimum temperatures tend to be higher post-construction compared to pre-construction levels.
关键词
水温变化 /
实测水温 /
年平均水温 /
梯级水库 /
溪洛渡水库 /
向家坝水库 /
金沙江下游
Key words
water temperature change /
measured water temperature /
annual average water temperature /
cascade reservoirs /
Xiluodu Reservoir /
Xiangjiaba Reservoir /
downstream of Jingsha River
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] PRATS J, VAL R, ARMENGOL J, et al. Temporal Variability in the Thermal Regime of the Lower Ebro River (Spain) and Alteration Due to Anthropogenic Factors[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2010, 387(1/2): 105-118.
[2] BROWN L E, HANNAH D M, MILNER A M. Hydroclimatological Influences on Water Column and Streambed Thermal Dynamics in an Alpine River System[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2006, 325(1/2/3/4): 1-20.
[3] XIAO Z, SUN J, LIN B, et al. Multi-timescale Changes of Water Temperature Due to the Three Gorges Reservoir and Climate Change in the Yangtze River, China[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2023, 148: 110129.
[4] SHI L, MOROVATI K, SUN J, et al. Combined Effects of Climatic Change and Hydrological Conditions on Thermal Regimes in a Deep Channel-type Reservoir[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2023, 195(2): 334.
[5] SUN J, LIN J, ZHANG X, et al. Dam-influenced Seasonally Varying Water Temperature in the Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. River Research and Applications, 2021, 37(4): 579-590.
[6] 邹 珊,李 雨,陈金凤,等.长江攀枝花—宜昌江段水温时空变化规律[J].长江科学院院报,2020,37(8):35-41,48.(ZOU Shan, LI Yu, CHEN Jin-feng, et al. Temporal and Spatial Variation of Water Temperature in Panzhihua-Yichang Segment of Changjiang River[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2020, 37(8): 35-41, 48.(in Chinese))
[7] 李 雨,刘秀林.金沙江下游及川江段水温沿程监测成果分析[C] //2020(第八届)中国水生态大会论文集.郑州,2020:7-14.(LI Yu,LIU Xiu-lin.Analysis on the Monitoring Results of Water Temperature for the Lower Reaches of Jinsha River and Chuanjiang River[C] //Proceedings of the 8th China Water Ecology Conference 2020. Zhengzhou,2020:7-14.(in Chinese))
[8] 邵 骏, 杜 涛, 郭 卫, 等. 金沙江上游河段水温变化规律及其影响因素探讨[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2022, 39(8): 17-22, 28. (SHAO Jun, DU Tao, GUO Wei, et al. Water Temperature Variation and Its Influencing Factors in the Upper Jinsha River[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2022, 39(8): 17-22, 28.(in Chinese))
[9] 李褆来,陈黎明,王向明.梯级水电站对库区和河道水温的影响预测[J].水利水电科技进展,2013,33(3):23-28.(LI Ti-lai, CHEN Li-ming, WANG Xiang-ming. Influence Forecast of the Cascade Power Stations on Water Temperature of Reservoirs and Rivers[J]. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources, 2013, 33(3): 23-28.(in Chinese))
[10] 邹振华, 陆国宾, 李琼芳, 等. 长江干流大型水利工程对下游水温变化影响研究[J]. 水力发电学报, 2011, 30(5): 139-144. (ZOU Zhen-hua, LU Guo-bin, LI Qiong-fang, et al. Water Temperature Change Caused by Large-scale Water Projects on the Yangtze River Mainstream[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2011, 30(5): 139-144.(in Chinese))
[11] 姬雨雨, 陈求稳, 施文卿, 等. 水库运行对漫湾库区洲滩水热交换影响[J]. 水科学进展, 2018, 29(1): 73-79. (JI Yu-yu, CHEN Qiu-wen, SHI Wen-qing, et al. Influence of Reservoir Operation on Water and Heat Exchange in the Manwan’s Island[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2018, 29(1): 73-79.(in Chinese))
[12] FILIPPINI M, SQUARZONI G, WAELE J, et al. Differentiated Spring Behavior under Changing Hydrological Conditions in an Alpine Karst Aquifer[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2018, 556: 572-584.
[13] AHMAD A, EL-SHAFIE A, RAZALI S F M, et al. Reservoir Optimization in Water Resources: a Review[J]. Water Resources Management, 2014, 28(11): 3391-3405.
[14] 蔡玉鹏, 杨 志, 徐 薇. 三峡水库蓄水后水温变化对四大家鱼自然繁殖的影响[J]. 工程科学与技术, 2017, 49(1): 70-77. (CAI Yu-peng, YANG Zhi, XU Wei. Effect of Water Temperature Variation after Impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir on Natural Reproduction of the Four Major Chinese Carps[J]. Advanced Engineering Sciences, 2017, 49(1): 70-77.(in Chinese))
[15] 邓 云,肖 尧,脱友才,等.三峡工程对宜昌—监利河段水温情势的影响分析[J].水科学进展,2016,27(4):551-560.(DENG Yun, XIAO Yao, TUO You-cai, et al. Influence of Three Gorges Reservoir on Water Temperature between Yichang and Jianli[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2016, 27(4): 551-560.(in Chinese))
[16] 邓 云,李 嘉,李 然,等.水库调度对溪洛渡电站下游水温的影响[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2006,38(5):65-69.(DENG Yun, LI Jia, LI Ran, et al. Impact of Reservoir Operation on the Water Temperature Downstream of Xiluodu Power Station[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 2006, 38(5): 65-69.(in Chinese))
[17] 纪道斌, 成再强, 龙良红, 等. 三峡水库不同运行期库首水温分层特性及生态效应[J]. 水资源保护, 2022, 38(3): 34-42, 101. (JI Dao-bin, CHENG Zai-qiang, LONG Liang-hong, et al. Characteristics of Thermal Stratification in Head Area of Three Gorges Reservoir and Ecological Effects in Different Operation Periods[J]. Water Resources Protection, 2022, 38(3): 34-42, 101.(in Chinese))
PDF(5478 KB)
