虎跳峡河段梯级对下游梯级电站水资源利用效益的补偿作用

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20230997

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了给虎跳峡河段梯级开发方案和工程规模的决策提供参考,促进工程早开工、早见效,基于考虑控制性水库调蓄、已建在建跨流域引调水工程和河道外新增耗水量的边界条件,建立了长江上游控制性水库联合调度模型,计算分析了虎跳峡河段梯级不同调节库容方案时水库自身库容的利用情况,以多年平均年发电量和平枯水期发电量指标为代表分析了对下游梯级电站水资源利用效益的补偿作用。通过分析论证认为:结合汛期需要预留58.6 亿m³防洪库容的要求,虎跳峡河段设置60 亿~120 亿 m³调节库容,即可在充分利用本河段水力资源的同时,增加下游梯级电站多年平均年发电量56.2 亿~119.4 亿 kW·h,多年平均平枯水期发电量161.5 亿~294.0 亿 kW·h,继续增加调节库容,虽然对下游梯级电站的补偿效益更为显著,但库容利用率较低,边际效应递减较快。

关键词: 调节库容, 控制性水库, 联合调度, 下游梯级电站, 补偿作用, 虎跳峡河段

Abstract:

In order to provide reference for the decision-making of the cascade development plan and engineering scale of the Tiger-Leaping-Gorge reach cascade, and promote the early start and effectiveness of the project, we established the joint operation model of controlled water projects in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River based on boundary conditions considering the regulation and storage of the controlled reservoirs, the existing and constructing transbasin water transfer projects and the additional water consumption outside the river channel. By using the model, we calculated and analyzed the utilization of the reservoir’s own storage capacity of different regulating storage schemes in the Tiger-Leaping-Gorge reach. The water resource utilization benefits of downstream cascade hydropower stations was analyzed using power generation indicators as a representative. Through analysis and demonstrates, it is believed that, to meet the requirement of reserving 5.86 billion m³ of flood control storage capacity during the flood season, the Tiger-Leaping-Gorge reach set with 6 to 12 billion m³ regulating storage can fully utilize the hydraulic resources of this reach and increase the average annual power generation of downstream cascade hydropower stations from 5.62 to 11.94 billion kW·h for many years, and from 16.15 to 29.40 billion kW·h for many years during normal water periods and dry season. Further increasing the regulating storage can have more significant compensation benefits for downstream cascade hydropower stations, but the utilization rate of storage capacity is relatively low, and the marginal effect decreases rapidly.

Key words: regulating storage, controlled reservoir, joint operation, downstream cascade hydropower stations, compensation, Tiger-Leaping-Gorge reach

中图分类号:

TV213.9水利资源综合利用

傅巧萍, 张佳梅, 曹辉. 虎跳峡河段梯级对下游梯级电站水资源利用效益的补偿作用[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(11): 15-22.

FU Qiao-ping, ZHANG Jia-mei, CAO Hui. Compensation of the Cascades in the Tiger-Leaping-Gorge Reach on the Water Resource Utilization Benefits of Downstream Cascade Hydropower Stations[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2024, 41(11): 15-22.

图/表 11

表1 梯级水库研究范围

Table 1 Research range of cascade reservoirs

项目	调节库容/ (亿m³)	防洪库容/ (亿 m³)	装机容量/ MW
上游调蓄水库	50.9		5 440
虎跳峡河段梯级	60~215.2	58.6	4 200
补偿梯级	391.2	394.2	84 916
长江上游其他控制性水库	339.5	95.3	28 325
合计	841.6~996.8	548.1	122 881

图1 水库调度示意图

Fig.1 Diagram of reservoir operation

图2 长江上游控制性水库群联合调度模型计算

Fig.2 Calculation block diagram of the joint operation model for the control reservoir group in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River

图3 长江上游水库及跨流域引调水工程分布

Fig.3 Distribution diagram of reservoirs and transbasin water transfer projects in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River

图4 虎跳峡河段梯级调节库容利用情况

Fig.4 Utilization of regulating storage in the Tiger-Leaping-Gorge reach cascade

图5 虎跳峡河段梯级不同调节库容对径流过程的调蓄作用

Fig.5 Runoff regulating and storing effects of different regulating storage schemes in the Tiger-Leaping-Gorge reach cascade

表2 虎跳峡河段梯级不同调节库容蓄丰补枯作用

Table 2 Function of storing abundant water and repleni-shing dry flow in the Tiger-Leaping-Gorge reach cascade

项目	多年平均流量/ (m³·s^-1)		单位调节库容增加平均流量/(m³·s^-1)
项目	6— 10月份	11— 5月份	6— 10月份	11— 5月份
天然	2 454.2	608.9
入库	1 962.8	772.7
调节库容60 亿 m³	1 541.2	1 076.9	-7.0	5.1
调节库容80 亿 m³	1 426.0	1 160.1	-5.8	4.2
调节库容100 亿 m³	1 315.4	1 239.9	-5.5	4.0
调节库容120 亿 m³	1 229.1	1 302.2	-4.3	3.1
调节库容150 亿 m³	1 122.5	1 379.1	-3.6	2.6
调节库容180 亿 m³	1 039.7	1 438.9	-2.8	2.0
调节库容215.2 亿 m³	984.8	1 478.5	-1.6	1.1

表3 虎跳峡河段梯级不同调节库容下游梯级增发年电量

Table 3 Increased annual electricity generation of down-stream cascades with different regulating storage schemes in the Tiger-Leaping-Gorge reach cascade

虎跳峡河段梯级调节库容/ (亿 m³)	增加下游梯级电站多年平均年发电量/ (亿 kW·h)	单位调节库容增加下游梯级多年平均年发电量/ (kW·h·m^-3)	补充单位调节库容增加下游梯级多年平均年发电量/ (kW·h·m^-3)
60	56.2	1.0	1.1
80	77.5	1.0	1.1
100	100.3	1.0	1.0
120	119.4	1.0	0.7
150	140.5	0.9	0.5
180	154.2	0.9	0.1
215.2	158.5	0.7

图6 虎跳峡河段梯级不同调节库容下游梯级增发年电量

Fig.6 Increased annual electricity generation of down-stream cascades with different regulating storage schemes in the Tiger-Leaping-Gorge reach cascade

表4 虎跳峡河段梯级不同调节库容下游梯级增发平枯水期电量

Table 4 Increased electricity generation during normal water periods and dry season of downstream cascades with different regulating storage schemes in the Tiger-Leaping-Gorge reach cascade

虎跳峡河段梯级调节库容/ (亿 m³)	增加下游梯级电站多年平均平枯水期发电量/ (亿 kW·h)	单位调节库容增加下游梯级多年平均平枯水期发电量/ (kW·h·m^-3)	补充单位调节库容增加下游梯级多年平均平枯水期发电量/ (kW·h·m^-3)
60	161.5	2.7	2.5
80	209.9	2.6	2.2
100	256.1	2.5	1.9
120	294.0	2.4	1.6
150	340.7	2.3	1.2
180	377.0	2.1	0.6
215.2	397.6	1.8

图7 虎跳峡河段梯级不同调节库容下游梯级增发平枯水期电量

Fig.7 Increased electricity generation during normal water periods and dry season of downstream cascades with different regulating storage schemes in the Tiger-Leaping-Gorge reach cascade

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