大埋深调水隧洞穿越活动断裂带变形破坏特征及适应性措施

张国强; 崔臻; 颜天佑; 张茂础; 李建贺

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20230935

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长江科学院院报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1) : 152-161. DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20230935

岩土工程

大埋深调水隧洞穿越活动断裂带变形破坏特征及适应性措施

张国强 ¹^,² ,
崔臻 ³^,⁴ ,
颜天佑 ¹^,² ,
张茂础 ¹^,² ,
李建贺 ¹^,²

作者信息 +

Deformation and Failure Characteristics of Deep-buried Water Diversion Tunnel Crossing Active Fault Zone and Corresponding Adaptive Measures

ZHANG Guo-qiang ¹^,² ,
CUI Zhen ³^,⁴ ,
YAN Tian-you ¹^,² ,
ZHANG Mao-chu ¹^,² ,
LI Jian-he ¹^,²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

引江补汉工程深埋长大隧洞穿越通城河活动断裂,在活动断裂处隧洞的安全性是工程的关键问题之一。在地应力场分析基础上,采用数值模拟方法,分析了在不采用适应性结构时衬砌的响应,并估算了铰接设计参数,最终验算了建议铰接设计参数下衬砌的响应特征。结果表明:①水平大主应力与隧洞轴线夹角为35°,隧洞轴线方向水平应力分量约为20 MPa,垂直隧洞轴线方向水平应力分量约为21 MPa,竖直向应力分量约为18 MPa;②当无抗错断措施时,隧洞的相对变形主要表现为拱顶-底板的相对收敛,相对收敛在断层带部位最大,拱顶、底板部位的最大主应力量值出现在断层带及影响带部位,断裂带部位与影响带部位的衬砌大部分处于损伤状态;③基于提出的隧洞铰接设计参数的估算方法,给出了设防节段长度为6 m,铰节段宽度为2~4 cm作为初步的设计参数,进一步考虑参数敏感性分析后,合建议按照设防节段长度为6 m,铰节段宽度为5 cm考虑。④隧洞按照所建议参数进行铰接结构设防后,铰接结构设计有效降低了断层带内部衬砌整体所受到的拉力,铰接设计条件下,衬砌因错断产生的相对变形、应力、衬砌损伤均有较大程度减少。上述研究结果证实了铰接结构设计有助于提高隧洞抗错断性能。

Abstract

The safety of the tunnel traversing an active fault is a critical issue for the deep-buried long tunnel crossing the Tongcheng River in the Yangtze-to-Hanjiang River Diversion Project. This study addresses this challenge by employing an analysis of the geostress field and numerical simulation methods.Specifically,it examines the lining’s response in scenarios where adaptive structures are not utilized, estimates the design parameters for hinges, and verifies the lining’s behavior under these hinge parameters. Findings reveal that: 1) The angle between the horizontal principal stress and the tunnel axis is approximately 35°. The horizontal stress component along the tunnel axis is about 20 MPa, while the horizontal stress component perpendicular to the axis is around 21 MPa. The vertical stress component is approximately 18 MPa. 2) Without any fault mitigation measures,the tunnel’s relative deformation primarily exhibits convergence between the vault and floor. This convergence is most pronounced within the fault zone. The maximum principal stress values in the vault and floor occur in the fault zone and its affected area, with most of the lining in these regions experiencing damage. 3) Using the proposed method for estimating tunnel hinge design parameters, a reinforcement section length of 6 meters and a hinge section width of 2-4 cm are initially suggested. Following sensitivity analysis of these parameters, it is recommended that the reinforcement section length remains 6 meters, while the hinge section width is set to 5 cm. 4) When the tunnel is reinforced according to the proposed hinge structure parameters, the design effectively reduces the tension experienced by the entire lining in the fault zone. Under hinge design conditions, there is a significant decrease in relative deformation, stress levels, and lining damage. This demonstrates that the hinge structure enhances the tunnel’s resistance to fault-related issues.

导出引用

张国强, 崔臻, 颜天佑, 等. 大埋深调水隧洞穿越活动断裂带变形破坏特征及适应性措施[J]. 长江科学院院报. 2025, 42(1): 152-161 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20230935

ZHANG Guo-qiang, CUI Zhen, YAN Tian-you, et al. Deformation and Failure Characteristics of Deep-buried Water Diversion Tunnel Crossing Active Fault Zone and Corresponding Adaptive Measures[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute. 2025, 42(1): 152-161 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20230935

中图分类号： TV223.1 (岩石性质及其测定)

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Living with disaster is an objective reality that human must face especially in China. A large number of earthquake case studies, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, 2010 Yushu earthquake, 2014 Ludian earthquake, have demonstrated that earthquake heavy damage and casualties stem from ground-faulting or rupturing along seismogenic active fault, near-fault high ground accelerations and building catastrophic structural failure. Accordingly, avoidance of active faults may be an important measure to effectively reduce earthquake hazard, which may encounter in the future, but how to avoid an active fault and how much a setback distance from the active fault is required to ensure that the ground faulting and rupturing has no any direct impact on buildings. This has been the focus of debate both for domestic and foreign scholars. This paper, first of all, introduces the definition of active fault. Then, quantitative analyses are done of the high localization of earthquake surface ruptures and relationship between the localized feature of the coseismic surface ruptures and building damages associated with the measured widths of the historical earthquake surface rupture zones, and an average sstatistic width is obtained to be 30m both for the earthquake surface rupture zones and heavy damage zones along the seismogenic fault. Besides, the widths of the surface rupture zones and spatial distribution of the building damages of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and 2008 Wenchuan earthquake have also been analyzed to reveal a hanging-wall effect:Width of surface rupture zone or building damage zone on the hanging-wall is 2 or 3 times wider than that on its foot-wall for a dip-slip fault. Based on these latest knowledge learnt above, issues on avoidance object, minimum setback distance, location requirement of active fault for avoidance, and anti-faulting design for buildings in the surface rupture zone are further discussed. Finally, we call for national and local legislatures to accelerate the legislation for active fault survey and avoidance to normalize fault hazard zoning for general land-use planning and building construction. This preventive measure is significantly important to improve our capability of earthquake disaster reduction.

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