泄洪雾化的雾流源强和扩散数学模型研究

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20230561

长江科学院院报 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 109-117.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20230561

泄洪雾化的雾流源强和扩散数学模型研究

何贵成(), 张华(), 彭燕祥

华北电力大学水利与水电工程学院,北京 102206

收稿日期:2023-05-23 修回日期:2023-08-12 出版日期:2024-11-01 发布日期:2024-11-26
通讯作者: 张华(1962-),男,山西平遥人,教授,博士,主要从事水工水力学研究。E-mail:zhanghua@ncepu.edu.cn
作者简介:
何贵成(1990-),男,重庆人,博士研究生,主要从事泄洪雾化模拟方面研究。 E-mail:hegc100@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52279065)

Mathematical Model of Fog Flow Source Strength and Diffusion in Flood Discharge Atomization

HE Gui-cheng(), ZHANG Hua(), PENG Yan-xiang

School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206,China

Received:2023-05-23 Revised:2023-08-12 Published:2024-11-01 Online:2024-11-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在泄洪雾化过程中,挑流水舌与下游水垫塘的碰撞会产生大量水滴。随气流运动的水滴形成了雾流,进而对边坡稳定和交通安全产生影响。为了预测雾流在下游空间的分布,首先对挑流水舌、空气和下游水体之间的相互作用过程进行模拟,构建了雾流产生和输运的背景场。接着,基于雾滴产生机制,结合量纲分析方法,提出了雾流源强计算关系式,并建立了雾流源强和扩散数学模型。最后,应用该模型对漫湾水电站3^#表孔泄洪的雾流过程进行了数值模拟。模拟结果与原型观测资料的对比显示:雾流源强的分布和雾源生成位置与原型观测相符,下游空间的雾流浓度分布与原型观测情况一致,观测点的雾流浓度计算值与原观值的变化趋势吻合。对比结果验证了该模型的适用性,为预测泄洪雾化在下游空间的雾流分布提供了一种新的方法。

关键词: 泄洪雾化, 雾流浓度, 雾流源强, 雾流扩散, 漫湾水电站

Abstract:

In the process of flood discharge atomization, a large number of water droplets will be generated by the collision between the jetted water tongue and the downstream water cushion pond. The droplets carried by the airflow form a fog flow, which affects slope stability and traffic safety. To predict the distribution of fog flow in the downstream space, the interaction process between the jetted water tongue, air, and downstream water was simulated, and a background field for fog flow generation and transport was constructed. Based on the fog source generation mechanism and dimensional analysis methods, a calculation formula for fog flow source strength is proposed, and a mathematical model for fog flow source strength and diffusion is established. The fog flow process of the 3^# spillway hole discharge at the Manwan hydropower station is simulated using this model. The comparison shows that the distribution of fog flow source strength and the location of the fog source generation are consistent with prototype observation. The distribution of fog flow concentration distribution in the downstream space is in line with the prototype observation, and the calculated values of fog flow concentration at observation points match the trend of the original observed values. The comparison results verify the applicability of this model, providing a new method for predicting the distribution of fog flow in downstream spaces of flood discharge atomization.

Key words: flood discharge atomization, fog flow concentration, fog flow source strength, fog flow diffusion, Manwan hydropower station

中图分类号:

TV135.2泄水建筑物水力学

何贵成, 张华, 彭燕祥. 泄洪雾化的雾流源强和扩散数学模型研究[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(11): 109-117.

HE Gui-cheng, ZHANG Hua, PENG Yan-xiang. Mathematical Model of Fog Flow Source Strength and Diffusion in Flood Discharge Atomization[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2024, 41(11): 109-117.

图/表 16

图1 雾滴脱离水体的示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the droplet leaving the liquid

图2 数值求解过程的流程

Fig.2 Flowchart of the numerical calculation process

图3 漫湾水电站等高线地形和平面布置[31]

Fig.3 Contour terrain and plane layout of Manwan hydropower station[31]

表1 漫湾水电站的泄洪工况

Table 1 Flood discharge conditions of Manwan hydropower station

闸门情况	库水位/m	下游水位/m	流量/(m³·s^-1)
3^#表孔全开	984.96	887.5	940

图4 漫湾水电站表孔泄洪产生的雾流

Fig.4 Fog flow generated by flood discharge of Manwan hydropower station

图5 计算域示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of computing domain

图6 液相体积分数的初始值

Fig.6 Initial volume fraction of the water

表2 模拟计算设置的参数

Table 2 Parameters for the simulation

g/ (m·s^-2)	μ_w/ (Pa·s)		μ_a/ (Pa·s)	ρ_w/ (kg·m^-3)	ρ_a/ (kg·m^-3)	u_g/ (m·s^-1)
9.81	1.01×10^-3		14.8×10^-6	1 000	1.29	(0,0,5)
σ/ (N·m^-1)		d_s/m	λ₁/ (m²·s^-1)	c₂	c₃		c₄
72.75×10^-3		0.87×10^-4	0.6~1.7	(2.59~ 3.28)×10^-9	12~23		0.06~ 0.13

图7 水舌及水面的流态和湍动能分布

Fig.7 Flow pattern and turbulent kinetic energy distribution of water tongue and surface

图8 边界处的质量流量和测点雾流浓度随时间的变化

Fig.8 Mass flow rate at the boundary and fog flow concentration at the measuring point

图9 计算域网格及4个加密区域示意图

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of computational domain grid and four encrypted regions

图10 不同网格总数下的测点雾流浓度

Fig.10 Fog flow concentration at the measuring point under different grids

图11 雾流源强的空间分布

Fig.11 Spatial distribution of fog source intensity

图12 水相体积分数的空间分布

Fig.12 Spatial distribution of water phase volume fraction

图13 雾流浓度的空间分布

Fig.13 Spatial distribution of fog flow concentration

图14 测点雾流浓度的计算值和原观值

Fig.14 Calculated and observation values of fog flow concentration at measuring points

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泄洪雾化的雾流源强和扩散数学模型研究

Mathematical Model of Fog Flow Source Strength and Diffusion in Flood Discharge Atomization

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