秦岭北麓是黄河重要的水源涵养区,分析其水文地球化学特征及演化模式对于加强秦岭地下水资源的开发与保护、推进关中平原乃至黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展具有重要意义。利用2019—2021年在渭河流域开展水文地质调查所获取的资料,运用数理统计、水文地球化学反向模拟等方法,分析了秦岭至渭河河谷地下水的水文地球化学演化规律及模式。结果表明:由基岩区至细土平原区,地下水水化学类型由HCO3-Ca型向HCO3·SO4-Ca·Na型转变,溶解性固体总量(TDS)浓度由254 mg/L增至889 mg/L,分带性不强;随着地下水流动,水-岩作用主要由碳酸盐岩风化溶滤控制向硅酸盐岩与岩盐风化溶滤控制转变,同时阳离子交换作用增强;14C测年显示研究区地下水年龄多在2 450 a以内,地下水循环更新快,蒸发浓缩作用不显著;山前洪积扇作为地下水重要的涵养区与径流通道,对于关中平原潜水和承压水水质保障有关键作用,由于洪积扇含水层防污性能差,在地下水开发利用和工农业活动中要加强地下水资源的保护。
Abstract
The northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains constitute a vital water source conservation area for the Yellow River. Examining the hydrogeochemical evolution patterns and models in this region holds paramount importance for the development and preservation of groundwater resources in the Qinling Mountains, and also helps advancing ecological protection and facilitating the high-quality development of the Guanzhong Plain and the broader Yellow River Basin. Utilizing data collected during the hydrogeological survey in the Weihe River Basin spanning 2019 to 2021, this study delves into the hydrogeochemical evolution patterns and models of groundwater from the Qinling to the Weihe River Valley. Employing multivariate statistics, and hydrogeochemical reverse simulation methods, the analysis reveals a shift from HCO3-Ca to HCO3·SO4-Ca·Na in the hydrochemical composition of groundwater from the rocky substrate to the fine soil plain, with subtle zoning observed, accompanied by a rise in Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration from 254 mg/L to 889 mg/L. The flow of groundwater indicates a shift in water-rock interaction dominance, transitioning from the weathering and leaching of carbonate rock to that of silicate rock and rock salt. Concurrently, cation exchange intensifies. Despite the rapid circulation and replenishment of groundwater, evaporation and concentration remain relatively insignificant. Groundwater age, as measured by 14C, predominantly falls within the range of 2 450 years. As a critical groundwater conservation area and runoff channel, the Qinling piedmont proluvial fan stays as a pivotal player in safeguarding the quality of both unconfined and confined water in the Guanzhong Plain. Due to the proluvial fan's limited resistance to pollution, it is imperative to bolster the protection of groundwater resources amidst ongoing groundwater development, industrial activities, and agricultural practices.
关键词
地下水保护 /
秦岭北麓 /
水文地球化学 /
溶解性固体总量(TDS) /
离子比 /
演化规律
Key words
groundwater protection /
northern piedmont of Qinling mountains /
hydro-geochemistry /
total dissolved solids (TDS) /
ion ratio /
evolution law
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基金
中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20221754,DD20190333)
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