美国纽约湾区、旧金山湾区和日本东京湾区发展迅速,已在水资源、供水、防洪和水生态保护等方面颁布了多项法律法规,实施了多项有效的工程措施,在保障湾区经济社会快速增长的同时又满足湾区水安全保障的需求,已成为公认的国际一流湾区。从水资源配置、节水、防洪和流域治理等方面分析了国际一流湾区水安全现状,探讨了其在破除资源约束、应对极端天气和生态环境保护等方面解决问题的方法和成功经验。结合粤港澳大湾区水资源特点,以及在面临水资源瓶颈、极端天气和生态环境保护中的问题,提出了推动水管理湾区协同与治理、强化水资源配置网、推进农田和家庭节水新产品和新技术的研究和应用、推动输水管道提升、推进洪水保险制度以及水生态环境系统治理等建议,为粤港澳大湾区水安全保障和高质量发展提供借鉴。
Abstract
The New York Bay Area, San Francisco Bay Area, and Tokyo Bay Area have experienced rapid development and are recognized as first-class bay areas due to their robust economic and social growth. These regions have enacted a number of laws and regulations and implemented effective engineering measures to address water resources, water supply, flood control, and water ecological conservation. These measures aim to meet the increasing demands of water security while sustaining the rapid growth of bay area economies. In this article we analyze the current water security status of first-class bay areas, focusing on aspects such as water resources allocation, water conservation, flood control, and watershed management. We introduce the methods and successful experiences employed by these bay areas in overcoming resource constraints, coping with extreme weather events, and protecting ecological environment. Drawing on the characteristics of water resources in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, as well as the challenges faced in terms of water resource constraints, extreme weather, and ecological environment protection, we propose several recommendations to enhance water management in the bay area. These include promoting coordinated governance and management of water resources, strengthening the water resources allocation network, advancing research and application of new products and technologies for water-saving in agriculture and households, improving water transmission pipelines, implementing flood insurance systems, and enhancing water ecological environment management systems. These suggestions aim to provide valuable insights for ensuring water security and facilitating high-quality development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
关键词
水安全 /
治理策略 /
高质量发展 /
一流湾区 /
粤港澳大湾区
Key words
water security /
govermance strategy /
high-quality development /
first-class bay area /
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
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基金
广东省科技计划项目(2020B1212030005);省属科研机构稳定性支持专项资金(2021L028);广东省水利科技创新项目(2021-01)
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