为探究平寨水库上游河流对库区水体的影响,以平寨水库及上游三岔河流域为研究对象,于2020年1月和7月分别在入库河流和库区采集了水样,运用数理统计、Durov图、相关分析、空间插值等方法对水样的水化学指标及氢氧同位素进行分析,初步探讨了其时空分布特征及成因。研究结果表明:①库区水体水化学特征极大程度上受到补给河流的影响,水库水体水化学类型与流域水体一致,以HCO-3-Ca2+型为主,枯水期水体离子质量浓度高于丰水期;②水体δD与δ18O存在明显的线性关系,氢氧同位素呈现夏高冬低的变化特征;水体接收降水补给的同时受到岩溶地下水影响,形成了与降水不同的季节变化特征;③库区及流域水体氢氧同位素大体上沿大气降水线分布,水体拟合方程斜率和截距小于全球及区域大气降水线,表明水体以降水补给为主,但经过了强烈的蒸发分馏作用;④枯水期下游及库区水体受降水影响显著,上游水体受蒸发影响,丰水期流域及库区水体氢氧同位素与离子质量浓度显著相关,水体受到蒸发作用影响明显。
Abstract
To investigate the influence of upstream rivers on the water body in Pingzhai Reservoir, water samples were collected from the inlet river and the reservoir area of Pingzhai Reservoir, as well as in the Sancha River Basin, in January and July 2020. The hydrochemical parameters and stable isotopes of the water samples were analyzed by using mathematical statistics, Durov plots, correlation analysis, and spatial interpolation. The spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and their causes were preliminarily explored. The study show that: (1) The hydrochemical characteristics of the reservoir water are highly influenced by the supply rivers, and the hydrochemical pattern of reservoir water is consistent with that in the basin, mainly HCO-3-Ca2+, with the ion concentration being higher during dry season than wet season. (2) The δD and δ18O of the water were linearly related, and the isotopes exhibit high values in summer and low values in winter. The reservoir water is supplied by precipitation on one hand, and is affected by karst groundwater on the other, thus displaying different seasonal variation characteristics from those of precipitation. (3) The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of the water in both the reservoir and the basin are mostly distributed along the meteoric water line; however, the slope and interception values are smaller than global meteoric water line and local meteoric water line, indicating strong evaporation fractionation despite dominant supply from precipitation. (4)During wet season, the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of the basin and the reservoir water are significantly correlated with ion concentration, while in dry season, the water bodies in the lower reaches and the reservoir are notably influenced by precipitation, and the upper reaches by evaporation.
关键词
氢氧同位素 /
水化学特征 /
蒸发分馏 /
大气降水线 /
平寨水库
Key words
hydrogen and oxygen isotopes /
water chemistry /
evaporative fractionation /
meteoric precipitation line /
Pingzhai Reservoir
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U1612441,41661088);贵州高层次创新型人才培养计划——“百”层次人才项目(黔科合平台人才〔2016〕5674)
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