为完善地表水入渗过程分析的理论方法,抓住从高吸力土入渗到低吸力土,入渗会有停滞和入渗速率降低的特点,考虑湿润锋附近土体的非饱和特性,将土壤中水分运移划分为上层土入渗阶段、滞水入渗阶段和下层土入渗阶段,推导了可反映成层土入渗中阻水减渗作用的地表水入渗模型。通过与已有试验结果和现有同类型模型的对比分析,对模型参数进行敏感性分析。结果表明:本文模型比较准确地描述了层状土入渗中的滞水和减渗现象,更好地反映了入渗机理。当湿润锋行进发生停滞时,假设入渗速率呈线性下降是符合实际情况的。不同的土体性质对入渗有不同的影响:下层低吸力土的种类、埋深及积水深度对入渗特性有较大的影响;土体初始含水量仅对入渗时间影响较大;湿润锋过渡区占比对滞水作用有较大影响。
Abstract
In this paper we aim to enhance the theoretical methods for analyzing surface water infiltration processes by focusing on the distinct characteristics of stagnated and reduced infiltration during the infiltration from high-suction soil to low-suction soil. By considering the unsaturated properties of soil near the wetting front, we divided the water infiltration process into three stages: upper soil infiltration, stagnant water infiltration, and subsoil infiltration. We further derived the surface water infiltration model to refelct the water blocking and infiltration reduction effect in layered soil infiltration, and analyzed the sensitivity of model parameters via comparison with existing experimental results and models. Results demonstrate that the model proposed in this paper provides a more accurate description of water retention and infiltration reduction in layered soil infiltration. It offers a better understanding of the infiltration mechanism. Assuming a linear decrease in infiltration rate during the stagnation of wetting fronts aligns with real-world observations. Different soil properties have varying effects on infiltration: the type, burial depth, and ponding depth of the lower layer of low-suction soil significantly influence the infiltration characteristics. The initial water content of the soil primarily affects the infiltration time. Moreover, the proportion of the wetting front transition zone plays a significant role in water retention.
关键词
成层土 /
积水入渗 /
阻水减渗 /
湿润锋 /
非饱和特性
Key words
layered soil /
water infiltration /
water blocking and infiltration reduction /
wetting front /
unsaturated characteristics
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 王文焰, 王全九, 沈 冰, 等. 甘肃秦王川地区双层土壤结构的入渗特性[J]. 土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报, 1998, 12(2): 36-40.
[2] 史文娟, 沈 冰, 汪志荣, 等. 夹砂层状土壤潜水蒸发特性及计算模型[J]. 农业工程学报, 2007, 23(2): 17-20.
[3] 邵明安, 王全九, 黄明斌. 土壤物理学[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2006.
[4] HILLEL D. 土壤物理学概论[M]. 尉庆丰,荆家海,王益权,译. 西安:陕西人民教育出版社, 1988.
[5] 孙海燕, 李明思, 王振华, 等. 滴灌点源入渗湿润锋影响因子的研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2004, 23(3): 14-16, 27.
[6] KOSTIAKOV A N. On the Dynamics of the Coefficient of Water Percolation in Soils and on the Necessity of Studying It from a Dynamic Point of View for Purposes of Amelioration[C]∥Transactions of the Sixth Commission: Russian Part, International Society of Soil Science. Moscow, 1932: 17-21.
[7] PHILIP J R. The Theory of Infiltration[J]. Soil Science, 1957, 83(5): 345-358.
[8] RICHARDS L A. Capillary Conduction of Liquids through Porous Mediums[J]. Physics, 1931, 1(5): 318-333.
[9] GREEN W H, AMPT G A. Studies on Soil Physics: I Flow of Air and Water through Soils [J]. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1911, 4(1): 1-24.
[10]FOK Y-S. One-Dimensional Infiltration into Layered Soils[J]. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, 1970, 96(2): 121-129.
[11]王文焰, 张建丰, 汪志荣, 等. 黄土中砂层对入渗特性的影响[J]. 岩土工程学报, 1995, 17(5): 33-41.
[12]王全九, 邵明安, 汪志荣, 等. Green-Ampt公式在层状土入渗模拟计算中的应用[J]. 土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报, 1999, 13(4): 66-70.
[13]范严伟, 黄 宁, 马孝义, 等. 应用Hydrus-1D模拟砂质夹层土壤入渗特性[J]. 土壤, 2016, 48(1): 193-200.
[14]王春颖, 毛晓敏, 赵 兵. 层状夹砂土柱室内积水入渗试验及模拟[J]. 农业工程学报,2010,26(11):61-67.
[15]王文焰, 汪志荣, 王全九, 等. 黄土中Green-Ampt入渗模型的改进与验证[J]. 水利学报, 2003, 34(5): 30-34.
[16]彭振阳, 黄介生, 伍靖伟, 等. 基于分层假设的Green-Ampt模型改进[J]. 水科学进展, 2012, 23(1): 59-66.
[17]刘卫涛, 曹文贵, 张运强. 考虑土体非饱和特性的斜坡降雨入渗模型及边坡稳定性分析[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2021, 38(4): 102-109, 117.
[18]VAN GENUCHTEN M T. A Closed-Form Equation for Predicting the Hydraulic Conductivity of Unsaturated Soils[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1980, 44(5): 892-898.
[19]COLMAN E A, BODMAN G B. Moisture and Energy Conditions during Downward Entry of Water into Moist and Layered Soils[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1945, 9(C): 3-11.
[20]HILL D E, PARLANGE J-Y. Wetting Front Instability in Layered Soils[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1972, 36(5): 697-702.
[21]IMNEK J, GENUCHTEN M T, EJNA M. Development and Applications of the HYDRUS and STANMOD Software Packages and Related Codes[J]. Vadose Zone Journal, 2008, 7(2): 587-600.
[22]任利东,黄明斌,樊 军.不同类型层状土壤持水能力的研究[J]. 农业工程学报,2013,29(19):105-111.
PDF(1862 KB)
