2017年以来厦门及全国其他地方正在积极推进农村生活污水治理工作,探讨农村生活污水治理策略迫切且重要,而明确农村生活污水水质特征是探讨治理策略的前提。以厦门农村为研究对象,选取厦门岛外4个行政区的共12个采样点进行农村生活污水水质特征调查研究。结果表明厦门农村生活污水的各项水质指标COD、BOD₅、TN、NH₃-N、TP、pH值的变化范围分别为46~408 mg/L、4.9~188 mg/L、7.30~66.7 mg/L、1.50~49.1 mg/L、0.44~3.56 mg/L、6.82~8.51;BOD₅/COD、BOD₅/TN、BOD₅/TP三个指标的变化范围分别为0.22~0.68、0.7~12.1、14.7~86.4。其中,BOD₅/COD比值均＞0.2,一半采样点的BOD₅/TN＜4,个别采样点的BOD₅/TP比值＜20。研究基于该种水质特征,提出针对厦门周边的第二类农村,建议以农灌标准为处理目标。简单采用LID(Low Impact Development)型排水沟渠等生态措施进行生态处理后回灌于农田。该研究成果可为厦门及全国农村生活污水整治提供策略参考。

The city of Xiamen and other parts of China are actively promoting the treatment of rural domestic sewage since 2017.It is not only urgent but also important to explore the treatment strategies of rural domestic sewage,while investigating clearly the characteristics of rural sewage quality is a prerequisite.The quality characteristics of rural domestic sewage in the rural area of Xiamen are investigated with 12 sampling sites in the rural areas of four administrative districts outside Xiamen Island.Water quality indicators inclusive of COD,BOD₅,TN,NH₃-N,TP,and pH value varied in the range of 46-408 mg/L,4.9-188 mg/L,7.30-66.7 mg/L,1.50-49.1 mg/L,0.44-3.56 mg/L,and 6.82-8.51, respectively.BOD₅/COD,BOD₅/TN,and BOD₅/TP ranged between 0.22-0.68,0.7-12.1,and 14.7-86.4,of which BOD₅/COD ratios are all larger than 0.2,BOD₅/TN ratios of half of the sampling sites less than 4,and BOD₅/TP ratios of some sampling sites below 20.On such basis,the agricultural irrigation standard is recommended to be taken as the treatment target for the second type of rural areas around Xiamen.Ecological measures such as LID (Low Impact Development) drainage ditch are recommended for ecological treatment and then the treated sewage can be recharged to farmland.The research findings offer strategic reference for domestic sewage treatment in Xiamen and the whole country.