为探究长江深水航道整治工程生态护岸的植被恢复效果,选取立体网状栅格护岸和格状石笼压载植生垫新型生态护岸及传统抛石护岸工程,运用数量生态学研究方法开展工程区陆生植物群落恢复及分布格局调查。研究结果表明:研究区共有植物19种,以草本植物为主,隶属于12科19属;生态护岸工程区植物种类数量高于传统抛石护岸;沿着河岸带横向梯度,立体网状栅格护岸的生物多样性增大,抛石护岸生物多样性变化较大,格状石笼压载植生垫护岸具有较高的生物多样性;生态护岸工程区植物群落的生物量高于传统抛石护岸区,且生物量和沉积物NH+4-N含量显著正相关(p＜0.01);CCA分析表明沉积物中TC和NH+4-N含量对植物群落及物种分布影响较大。综合来看,格状石笼压载植生垫护岸植被恢复效果最好,立体网状栅格护岸次之,传统抛石护岸相对较差;研究区生态护岸的植被恢复还处于动态演替过程,其生态效应有待于长期深入研究。
Abstract
Typical ecological riverbanks, including mesh grid riverbank and lattice gabion ballasted vegetation-mat riverbank, together with traditional riprap riverbank were selected as study areas to explore the effects of vegetation restoration of ecological riverbank in the deep water way regulation for the Yangtze River. The terrestrial vegetation restoration and its distribution pattern in the study areas were investigated by using quantitative ecological research methods. Results revealed 19 plant species in the study areas, mainly herbs, which belonged to 19 genus and 12 families. The number of plant species in ecological riverbanks were higher than that of traditional riprap riverbank. Along the horizontal gradient of riparian, the biodiversity of mesh grid riverbank increased, and that of riprap riverbank changed randomly, while the lattice gabion ballasted vegetation-mat riverbank had relatively higher biodiversity. Moreover, the vegetation biomasses of ecological riverbanks were higher than that of traditional riprap riverbank. The biomasses of vegetation were significantly positively correlated (p＜0.01) with the NH4-N content in the sediment. CCA analysis indicated that the distribution patterns of vegetation and species were remarkably affected by the TC and NH4-N content. In summary, lattice gabion ballasted vegetation-mat riverbank has the optimum vegetation restoration effect, followed by mesh grid riverbank and traditional riprap riverbank in sequence. The vegetation restoration of river bank in the study area would evolve in dynamic process, and its ecological effects should be studied in-depth for a long time.
关键词
生态护岸 /
植被恢复 /
数量生态学 /
深水航道 /
整治工程 /
长江
Key words
ecological riverbank /
vegetation restoration /
quantitative ecology /
deep waterway /
regulation project /
Yangtze River
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基金
交通运输行业重点科技项目(2018-ZD3-024);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(WTI-61806);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0503601)
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