为提高我国堤防风险管理水平和堤防防洪能力,介绍了荷兰、英国、法国、比利时、美国、日本和中国堤防风险管理现状,通过对比分析发现,国外堤防风险管理模式是政府与利益相关者共治,一般成立专门的水管理部门负责一切涉水事务,重视日常管理与维护,定期进行全面深入调查,注重堤坝数据库和网络信息化建设,趋向防灾社会化。借鉴国外经验,提出应从提高安全标准、转变防洪观念、加强立法、风险社会化、管理智慧化5个方面加强我国堤防风险管理,提升防洪能力。研究成果可供堤防管理者决策使用。
Abstract
Levee is an important part of flood-control engineering system in China, and is the barrier to protect people’s life and property from flood disasters, playing a significant role in flood control practices. The current situations of levee’s risk management in various countries including the Netherlands, UK, France, Belgium, USA, Japan and China are introduced. Comparative study shows that risk management mode abroad is co-governance by government and stakeholders, and generally a special water management department is set up to take charge of all water affairs, attaching importance to daily management and maintenance, conducting in-depth investigations regularly, and emphasizing the information construction of levee databases and networks. The risk management of levees abroad tends to be socialized in disaster prevention. In reference to experiences abroad, the risk management of levees in China should be strengthened from improving safety standard, changing flood control concept, enhancing legislation, and risk management socialization and intelligence, to promote flood control capacity.
关键词
国外堤防 /
堤防风险管理 /
堤坝数据库 /
洪水风险 /
安全标准
Key words
levees abroad /
risk management of levees /
levee database /
flood risk /
safety standard
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基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1502603);国家自然科学基金项目(71303074,91846203, 71704066);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2017B19514)
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