针对高含水率尾矿泥浆对坝体产生危害以及污染环境等问题,通过添加深色有机物掺合料改变泥浆表面对太阳辐射量的吸收来提高尾矿泥浆蒸发速率,实现加快尾矿泥浆蒸发固结的目的。选取木炭屑、草木灰2种常见的深色有机物作为掺合料,通过理论分析和试验观测对比天然尾矿泥浆表面水分蒸发固结过程发现:木炭屑和草木灰均能提高尾矿泥浆蒸发速率,比不加掺合料的天然泥浆蒸发完成时间分别提前了32 h和24 h,同时减少了残余含水率18.8%和16.5%;木炭屑和草木灰在尾矿泥浆表面吸收更多的太阳辐射,其底部温度比天然泥浆样品高出8~12 ℃,从而促进泥浆的水分蒸发。深色有机掺合料能提高尾矿泥浆的固结程度,大大降低尾矿泥浆流动性,从而提高尾矿库的安全性能,是一种潜在的绿色环保尾矿泥浆排水方法。
Abstract
In view of the damage to dam body and the pollution to environment caused by high water content of tailings mud, we added dark organic matter admixtures into tailings mud to increase the absorption of solar radiation on tailing mud surface, hence improving the evaporation rate and accelerating the consolidation of tailings mud. Two common dark organic matters, charcoal chips and grass ash, were selected as admixtures in the present study. By comparing the surface evaporation and consolidation process with those of natural tailings mud by means of theoretical analysis and experimental observations, we found that 1) both charcoal and grass ash can boost the evaporation rate of tailings mud, reducing the evaporation time by 32 hours and 24 hours and simultaneously declining the residual water content by 18.8% and 16.5%, respectively; 2) the bottom temperature of tailings mud with charcoal chips and grass ash is about 5-8 °C higher than that of natural tailings mud by absorbing more solar radiation. In conclusion, dark organic matter admixture, as an environmental-friendly material, enhances the consolidation degree of tailings mud, reduces the fluidity of tailings mud significant, and improves the safety performance of tailings pond.
关键词
尾矿泥浆 /
深色有机物 /
蒸发排水 /
热流平衡 /
土体固结
Key words
tailings mud /
dark organic matter /
evaporative drainage /
heat flow balance /
soil consolidation
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基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41561015)
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