传统的仿自然鱼道断面以宽浅型为宜,但对于某些水头较高、河道狭窄的水电站,为了降低工程造价,并增加过鱼目标种群数量,需要建成窄深型的仿自然鱼道。窄深型仿自然鱼道内各项水力参数受边壁及内部结构影响较大,水流结构复杂,易产生流速集中、旋涡等不利流场,为了形成满足多种群鱼类上溯的水流条件,需要开展全面的研究。按照将流场“垂向分层、横向分区”的研究思路,有效利用窄深型断面的特点,结合理论分析、三维数值模拟和物理模型试验的方法,分层分区地满足不同鱼类的上溯条件,在解决了工程问题的基础上,实现了对窄深型仿自然鱼道水力学特性的初步探索研究,增加了仿自然鱼道建设的选择多样性。

The cross-section of the traditional nature-like fishway is typically wide and shallow; but due to space limitations and efforts to reduce project costs, a narrow and deep type of nature-like fishway is often required. The flow structure of such fishway is very complicated, making it difficult to meet the flow condition requirements of different species of fish migrating upstream. In this research we examined the influences of different structure sizes on the hydraulic characteristics of fishway according to the concept of “vertical stratification and horizontal partitioning” of the flow field via theoretical analysis, three-dimensional numerical simulation as well as physical modelling. Preliminary achievements were made on the hydraulic characteristics of narrow and deep nature-like fishway.