为了解闽江流域河流中的污染物来源和水质时空分布特征,利用2014年1月至2017年2月流域内20个监测断面的8项水质指标月均值监测数据,采用多元统计方法对水质的时空变化规律及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明:流域水质在时间上可划分为T1时段(4—12月份)、T2时段(1—3月份);T1时段水质较好,氨氮是主要污染物,污染源以农业污染为主;T2时段的主要污染物是氨氮和总磷。在空间上可划分为3个群组。S1组主要位于建溪下游、沙溪、大樟溪、闽江干流,水质最差,污染物以营养盐为主,耗氧有机物次之,污染源为福州、三明、南平市的工业废水、生活污水、农业和禽畜养殖污水;S2组位于沙溪下游、富屯溪,水质最好,污染物主要是面源污染中的营养盐污染,水体自净能力良好;S3组位于建溪中上游、富屯溪中上游,污染源主要是农业面源污染。研究成果可为闽江流域的污染治理和水质改善提供参考。
Abstract
According to the monthly monitoring data of eight water quality indicators at 20 sites from January 2014 to February 2017, we probed into the spatio-temporal variations and influential factors of water quality in streams of Minjiang River basin via multivariate statistical method and identified the sources of water pollutants. In temporal scale, the water quality in Minjiang River basin can be categorized in line with two time periods: T1 (April to December), during which the water quality is good with ammonia nitrogen as major pollutant overwhelmingly coming from agriculture;and T2 (January to March) when ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus are dominant pollutants.In spatial scale, the water quality in Minjiang River basin can be classified according to three regions: the S1 region located in the downstream of Jianxi River, the Shaxi River, the Dazhang River and the main stream of Minjiang River where water quality is the worst with nutrients as main pollutants followed by oxygen consumption organics coming from the industrial wastewater, agricultural and livestock husbandry sewage, and sanitary sewage from cities of Fuzhou, Sanming, and Nanping;the S2 region which is located in the downstream of Shaxi River and the mid-upper reaches of Futun River featured by good self-purification ability and the best water quality with nutrients coming from non-point source pollution; and the S3 region which stands for the mid-upper reaches of Jianxi River and Futun River, with agricultural non-point source pollution as chief pollution source.
关键词
水质分析 /
时空分布 /
污染源识别 /
多元统计方法 /
闽江流域
Key words
water quality analysis /
spatio-temporal distribution /
pollutants source identification /
multivariate statistical method /
Minjiang River watershed
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基金
数字福建建设项目(闽发改网高技函84号,闽发改网数字函23号);
福建省科技创新平台项目(2015H2001)
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