由于溶洞的结构复杂和环境的特殊性,较之传统手工测绘技术,三维激光扫描技术具有高精度、高效、高密度数据获取优势。该技术虽能快速获取溶洞整体的三维点云数据,但由于激光点云精度的局限性,未能达到对溶洞内部分石刻和雕塑的扫描要求。针对该问题,采用了三维激光扫描和影像建模技术融合的方法以达到优势互补。介绍了2种技术各自的优势和特点,从其工作原理和数据获取、数据处理流程入手,研究通过技术融合的方法重建溶洞三维立体模型,最后评估分析了配准后模型的接缝偏差。研究结果表明该方法能够高效率地建立效果逼真,且满足不同精度要求的三维溶洞模型,验证了三维激光扫描技术和影像建模融合应用于溶洞建模和测量的可行性。

Owing to the complex structure of Karst cave and the particularity of the environment,3D laser scanning technology has advantages of high precision, high efficiency and high density in data acquisition compared with traditional manual mapping technology. Although by 3D laser scanning we could quickly obtain the holistic 3D point cloud data of Karst cave, we could not meet the requirements for scanning some stone carvings and sculptures in the cave limited by the precision of laser point cloud. In view of this, we combined 3D laser scanning with image-based modeling technology to achieve complementary advantages. First of all we introduced the advantages and characteristics of the two technologies, and then researched the method of fusion and reconstruction of 3D model of karst cave from its work principle and data processing procedure. Finally, we evaluated the joint’s deviation of model fusion. Practice demonstrates that the fusion of 3D laser scanning and image-based modeling is feasible in Karst cave modeling and measurement as it could build up a realistic 3D cavern model with maximum efficiency and satisfactory accuracy.