为了提高仿自然通道及鱼道设计水平,以某水电站仿自然通道工程为案例,根据其过鱼需求,提出了池室结构布置方案,并通过数值模拟及物理模型试验对其平面及三维池室流态进行了分析。结果表明:通过在仿自然通道或鱼道内部采用收缩段、侧壁设置消能墩、底部辅以条形消能墩的新型结构可使池室内部流场实现纵向分层和横向分区,可供不同游泳能力的鱼类通过。该池室结构在流速流态控制等方面较普通仿自然通道和技术型鱼道均具有优势,适合多种鱼类通过,具有推广价值。

To improve the design of nature-like and technical fish passage, we propose a pool structure for a hydropower plant based on the target fish species requirements, and analyse the plane and 3-D flow pattern in pools by numerical simulation and physical model test. Result shows that by adding contraction section, side baffle block and strip bottom sills in nature-like and technical fish passage pools, the flow field in pools can be divided into different layers in longitudinal direction and different zones in horizontal direction to meet the requirements of different fish species with varying swimming performance. The proposed pool structure has advantages in velocity control and species selectivity compared with traditional nature-like and technical fish passage, and has practical application value.