窄缝消能工(STED)是一种结构简单、消能高效率的消能设施,广泛应用于高水头、大流量及窄河谷条件的水利工程。然而,由收缩段中冲击波造成的水翅作为窄缝消能工的一种特殊水力现象,将给下游岸坡稳定性和建筑安全带来危害,而由水翅造成的危害没有引起足够的重视,因此有必要对冲击波的形成机制及由此造成的水翅的运动特性进行专门研究。通过模型试验深入研究流态,结合理论分析揭示了窄缝消能工冲击波和水翅之间的内在联系。通过加入修正系数的方式将Ippen理论应用于窄缝消能工中,提出了冲击波波角的简化计算公式和水翅影响范围的估算方法。模型试验的结果显示该估算方法能够精确反映水翅的影响范围,计算相对误差在5%以内。
Abstract
Slit-type energy dissipator is widely used in hydraulic projects of high water head, large discharge, and narrow river valley due to its simple structure and high efficiency. The water wing caused by shock waves in the contracted section of slit-type energy dissipator may bring about harmful effects, which, however, has not received sufficient attention. In this article, the hydraulic characteristics of slit-type energy dissipator are investigated by means of physical model and theoretical analysis to reveal the internal relation between shock waves and water wings. A correction coefficient is introduced for the application of Ippen’s theory to slit-type energy dissipator. The expression of the coefficient is obtained, and simplified formulas for shock wave angle and water wing scope are theoretically derived, which was verified accurate by experimental data, with the relative error within 5%.
关键词
窄缝消能工 /
水流冲击波 /
水翅 /
运动特性 /
模型试验
Key words
slit-type energy dissipator /
shock wave of flow /
water wing /
motion characteristics /
hydraulic modelling
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51709014);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0401904);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CKSF2017055/SL,CKSF2017011/SL)
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