目前黄河水资源的分配手段仍存在不少问题,用水量同比例丰增枯减不利于黄河水量的合理利用,传统的调度方式也无法使资源、社会达到协调发展。根据黄河水资源的实际情况,考虑各地区用水的公平合理性,建立黄河干流河段多目标优化配水模型,采用改进遗传算法来求解河段优化配水问题。结果表明:经过改进遗传算法的优化求解,可以将黄河干流水资源量科学合理地分配到各河段,全区缺水率控制在10%以下,并且满足河道断面的生态流量需求,符合社会、生态对于水资源开发利用的要求,最大程度地发挥了水资源的综合效益。

Due to problems in the water resources allocation of Yellow River basin, the method of water consumption in proportional increase or decrease with the increasing or decreasing of river discharge may have negative effects on rational water utilization. Traditional scheduling methods could not coordinate the harmonious development between resources and society. In view of this, a multi-objective optimization model for water resource allocation was established in consideration of the impartiality and rationality of regional water use based on the actual situation of the Yellow River. Furthermore, the model was solved by applying improved genetic algorithm. Research results show that through the improved genetic algorithm, water resources of the mainstream Yellow River can be rationally and scientifically allocated to different segments. The rate of water scarcity in the whole study area is below 10% and the water allocation results meet the requirements of ecological flow of river cross-section, which also conform to the ecological and social requirements of development and utilization of water resources. The comprehensive benefits of water resources developed to the greatest extent.