为研究水库滑坡涌浪特征及传播规律,以澜沧江某水电站上游河道为模型,采用正交试验方法设计试验组次,制定了包括滑坡体规模、入水速度、水深、河面宽度的影响因素的试验方案,采用试验控制系统、量测系统开展了滑坡涌浪三维物理模型试验;以量纲分析为基础,借鉴了潘家铮涌浪公式的相关物理量结合方法,基于试验数据,采用多元回归分析法给出了最大首浪经验公式并拟合出了沿程传播浪的回归方程。结果表明:试验拟合推导的方程预测梅里石4^#滑坡在不同失稳工况下最大首浪高度为90.37 m;坝前涌浪高度最大值为15.09 m。其成果可为滑坡体涌浪灾害预警及水电大坝安全保障提供依据。

A three-dimensional physical model test of landslide-induced surge was conducted to investigate the characteristics and propagation rules of landslide-induced surge in reservoir. Orthogonal test schemes were designed with varying landslide scale, velocity of landslide into the river, water depth, and river width. The upstream of a hydropower station in the Lancang River was taken as a background. Furthermore, according to the test data, the empirical formula of maximum primary wave height was proposed, and the regression equations of spread wave along the river channel were fitted through multiple regression analysis. Dimensional analysis was adopted as basis and the relative physical variables of classical landslide surge formulas proposed by Pan Jiazheng as reference. According to the proposed formulas, among different instability conditions, the maximum primary surge height induced by Meilishi 4^# was 90.37 m, and the surge height in front of the dam was about 15.09 m. The research results offer reference for the early-warning of landslide surge disaster and the security of the hydroelectric dam.