随着社会的发展和技术的进步,自然环境受到来自人类影响的范围和强度都在不断加大,由此引起的生态环境问题日益严重。区域生态环境敏感性分析对于制定生态环境保护规划和指导区域生态建设等工作具有重要意义。在RS与GIS 技术的支持下,以三峡库区巫山—奉节段为研究对象,结合研究区实际情况,选取地质灾害、石漠化、土壤侵蚀3个生态因素作为评价指标,建立各单因素生态敏感性评价模型,然后运用层次分析法确定各单因素在整个指标体系中的权重,通过加权求和得到该区域生态敏感性综合评价结果,并将生态敏感性空间分布图与研究区乡镇行政区划图进行空间叠加及统计分析。研究结果表明研究区域内不敏感区、轻度敏感区、中度敏感区、高度敏感区和极敏感区分别占巫山—奉节段区域总面积的7.55%,40.75%,45.21%,6.31%,0.18%,其中高度敏感区和极敏感区主要分布在康坪乡、永安镇、巫峡镇、康乐镇、大溪乡、朱衣镇和鹤峰乡。这些乡镇生态敏感性高,当受到人类不合理活动影响时,容易产生生态环境问题,应该是生态环境保护和恢复建设的重点。
Abstract
As society and technology develop, the impact of human activity on natural environment has widened and intensified, resulting in severe eco-environmental problems. Sensitivity analysis for regional eco-environment is of significance to planning eco-environmental protection and guiding regional ecological construction work. With the segment from Wushan to Fengjie in Three Gorges Reservoir Area as study area, the sensitivity evaluation models of single factor, namely geological disaster, rocky desertification, and soil erosion, were established. The weight of each factor was determined through analytic hierarchical process, and the comprehensive evaluation results of ecological sensitivity were further obtained through weighted summation. With the support of RS and GIS technology, the spatial distribution of ecological sensitivity was superposed on the administrative map of the study area for statistical analysis. Results revealed that insensitive areas, slightly sensitive areas, moderately sensitive areas, highly sensitive areas and extremely sensitive areas comprise 7.55%, 40.75%, 45.21%, 6.31% and 0.18% of the whole research region, respectively. Highly sensitive areas and extremely sensitive areas mainly distributed in Kangping town, Yong’an town, Wuxia town, Kangle town, Daxi town, Zhuyi town and Hefeng town. These towns are easily subjected to eco-environmental problems when affected by improper human activities, and hence should be the focuses of eco-environmental protection and restoration.
关键词
三峡库区 /
生态环境 /
敏感性评价 /
土壤侵蚀 /
石漠化 /
地质灾害 /
遥感
Key words
Three gorges reservoir area /
ecological environment /
sensitivity evaluation /
soil erosion /
rocky desertification /
geological disasters /
remote sensing
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