为研究层状岩体变形及强度的各向异性特征,将不同倾角的层状岩体制成标准试件进行单轴压缩试验,得到岩石试件弹性模量、峰值强度和残余强度,以及它们随层面倾角β的变化规律;并对试件峰值破坏形态进行了分析,最后通过理论计算验证试验结果的正确性。研究结果表明:随着层面倾角β的增大,层状岩体的弹性模量、峰值强度和残余强度呈先减小后增大的变化趋势。β为90°时,其模量和强度最大,β为45°～60°时较小,且β为90°时对应的模量和强度比β为0°时要大,表现出明显的各向异性特征。当β为0°～15°时,岩石产生沿轴向应力方向的劈裂破坏;β>30°以后,岩石开始产生沿层理结构面的滑移破坏;β为90°时产生沿层理结构面的劈裂破坏。

To study the anisotropic characteristics of deformation and strength of layered rock masses, we produced a number of layered rock masses with different inclination angles into standard specimens for uniaxial compression laboratory tests. Through the tests we obtained the elastic modulus, peak strength and residual strength of the specimens, as well as their variation regularities with inclination angle β. We also analyzed the fracture morphology of the specimens at peak values, and finally verified the validity of the test results by theoretical calculation. The results showed that: with the increase of inclination angle β, the elastic modulus, peak strengths and residual strength of the specimens showed a tendency of increase after decrease. When β equaled to 90 °, the modulus and strengths reached the maximum values. When β ranged from 45 ° to 60 °, the modulus and strengths were relatively small. Moreover, when β equaled to 90 °, the corresponding modulus and strengths were larger than those when β equaled to 0 °, displaying significant anisotropic characteristics; when β ranged from 0 ° to 15 °, splitting failure occurred along the axial stress direction; if β was greater than 30 °, sliding failure took place along the structural surface; when β equaled to 90 °, splitting failure happened along the structural surface.